خلاصة:
جمعیت سالمندان به طور یکنواختی رو به افزایش است. بحث پیرامون سالمندی و راههای کاهش مسائل و مشکلاتی که این دوره با آن مواجهه است یکی از بحثهای متداول در جوامع امروزی میباشد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی خاطرهپردازی گروهی بر شادکامی و امید به زندگی سالمندان شهر تهران انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع نیمهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود.جامعهی آماری پژوهش شامل افراد 60 سال به بالای شهر تهران میشد. نمونهای به حجم 30 سالمند واجد شرایط به شیوهی نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری قرار گرفتند. پرسشنامههای شادکامی آکسفورد (آرگایل و لو، 1989) و امید به زندگی میلر (میلر و پاورز، 1988) برای جمعآوری دادهها استفاده گردید. برنامهی خاطرهپردازی گروهی بر روی گروه آزمایش در 8 جلسه اجرا و پس از مداخلهی درمانی مجدداً پرسشنامهها بر روی هر دو گروه اجرا شد. در نهایت پسآزمون از گروه آزمایش و کنترل گرفته شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آزمون کولموگروف اسمیرنف و تحلیل کوواریانس استفاده شد. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که خاطرهپردازی گروهی باعث افزایش شادکامی و امید به زندگی سالمندان گروه آزمایش شده است. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش پیشنهاد میشود که متصدیان نظام سلامت با معرفی و آموزش روش خاطرهپردازی به خانوادهها، مشاوران و مددکاران شاغل در مراکز نگهداری افراد سالمند، گامی در جهت افزایش شادکامی و امید به زندگی سالمندان بردارند.
The elderly population has been steadily increasing. The discussion about aging and ways of reducing problems which were exposed in this period is one of the most common issues in modern societies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effectiveness of group reminiscence on happiness and life expectancy of elderly in Tehran city. This research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted all of people 60 years old in Tehran. Sample of 30 eligible elderly was selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned randomly in 2 groups of 15 individuals. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Miller's life expectancy were used to collect data. Then group reminiscence therapy was administered on experimental group in 8 sessions and finally posttest was taken from experimental and control groups. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levin and Covariance were used to analyze data. The findings suggested that group reminiscence therapy can increase happiness and life expectancy of elderly in experimental group (P>0.05). According to this study's results, it is recommended that health system officials take step towards increasing happiness and life expectancy of elderly by introducing and training reminiscence to families, counselors and social workers in elderly care centers References Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1989). Happiness and cooperation. Personality and Individual Differences,12, 1019-1030 Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas, & J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective (pp. 189–203). North-Holland: Elsevier. Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Effect of reminiscence and life review on late – life depression. Digital object identifier. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 18(12), 1088-1094. Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. 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