اثربخشی معنادرمانی بر افسردگی و ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت سالمندان مقالة

خلاصة:

دوران سالمندی در مقایسه با دیگر دوره‌های زندگی زمان مناسبی برای یافتن معنا و رشد شخصی است. وجود معنا در زندگی سالمندان عامل مهمی برای ادامه زندگی آنها است و معنایابی در زندگی، نقش مهمی در بهداشت روانی دوران سالمندی و کیفیت زندگی آنان دارد. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی معنادرمانی بر افسردگی و ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت سالمندان شهر اصفهان انجام شد. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه سالمندان بالای 60 سال شهر اصفهان بود. در ابتدا دو مرکز از میان کانون بازنشستگان دبیران آموزش و پرورش انتخاب و بر اساس ملاک‌های ورود و خروج، تعداد 40 سالمند به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه به نسبت برابر (20 نفر) به صورت تصادفی جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش 11 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای تحت آموزش معنادرمانی قرار گرفتند و گروه گواه هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها مقیاس‌های افسردگی سالمندان یاساویچ و همکاران و ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت رشید بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار تحلیل آماری SPSS نسخه 23 انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس تک متغیری نشان داد معنادرمانی سبب بهبود افسردگی و ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی مثبت سالمندان می‌شود (05/0P<). بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان از معنادرمانی به عنوان یک روش موثر در کلینیک‌های مشاوره و روان‌شناسی جهت داشتن احساس خوب روان‌شناختی و در نتیجه کاهش احساس پوچی و افسردگی سالمندان استفاده نمود.

خلاصة:

The elderly age seems to be a proper time for finding the meaning of life and personal growth compared to other periods of life. The existence of meaning in life of the elderly is an important factor for the continuation of their life and finding meaning in life serve an important role in mental health and quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logotherapy on depression and positive psychological characteristics of the elderly living in Isfahan. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The participants included all the elderly aged above 60 years old living in Isfahan. First, two centers were selected among Retired Teachers Associations and then, 40 participants were selected purposefully based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned with an equal ratio into the experimental and control groups (20 participants each). 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