خلاصة:
در این پژوهش مناطق مستعد خطر زمینلغزش در حوضهآبریز آبگلال با استفاده از مدل منطق فازی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از مطالعات میدانی، نقشههای زمینشناسی و توپوگرافی و با مرور مطالعات صورت گرفته در این زمینه و همچنین بررسی شرایط موجود در منطقه هشت عامل طبقات ارتفاعی، شیب، جهتشیب، لیتولوژی، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از رودخانه، کاربری اراضی و بارش به عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع زمینلغزش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و بعد از مرحله فازیسازی، نقشههای پهنهبندی زمینلغزش با استفاده از عملگر گامای فازی با مقادیر 7/0، 8/0، 9/0 تهیه شد. نتایج حاصل از جمع کیفی نشان داد که عملگر گامای 9/0 فازی در مقایسه با دیگر عملگرهای فازی مناسبتر است. در نهایت نقشه بدست آمده با 5 کلاس بسیار زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و بسیارکم طبقهبندی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که 6/1 درصد از مساحت منطقه در پهنه با خطر بسیار زیاد و 94 درصد از مساحت منطقه در پهنه با خطر بسیار کم قرار گرفته است. نتایج به دست آمده بیانگر این است که منطقه مورد مطالعه به دلیل وجود شبکه رودخانه، بارش، کاربری مرتعی، محدوده شهری و لیتولوژی ضعیف داری پتانسیل بالایی در جهت وقوع لغزش هستند. همچنین بخشهای عمدهای از مناطق جنوب منطقه نیز پتانسیل بالایی جهت حرکات لغزشی دارند.
Study of Landslides using a Fuzzy Model in Abgalal Watershed in Khuzestan ProvinceExtended AbstractIntroductionAs one of the global dilemmas that inflicts heavy human, financial and economic losses on an annual basis, study of mass movement has special importance, particularly with the increase in population and settlements over steep slopes prone to mass movement. International statistics related to human and financial losses caused by this phenomenon are steadily increasing. Frequent landslide events, their daily expansion in many parts of Iran in recent years and their destructive effects have attracted greater interest in responsible authorities, especially landslide experts, than ever before. Identifying and zoning areas susceptible to landslides is necessary for reducing losses. Since preparation of landslide susceptibility maps substantially improves land use planning, it can serve as an efficient method for decreasing human and financial losses resulting from landslides. Correct and systematic landslide hazard zonation and factors influencing it can be useful and effective in making decisions for containment, control and reduction of losses caused by this phenomenonMethodologyThe Abgalal Watershed is located in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. It forms one of the sub-watersheds of the Zard River. The physical tools used in the study included the 1:100,000 geological map, the 1:50,000 topographic map, the 30 m digital elevation model and the precipitation data obtained from the Meteorological Organization. GIS was used to measure the shapes and geomorphological parameters. Fuzzy logic evaluates the probability a pixel would be assigned to fuzzy sets considering the fuzzy membership function. Fuzzy sets do not have clear boundaries and membership or non-membership in a specific fuzzy set is a gradual process. There are two common methods for defining fuzzy sets: in the form of a function or in numbers. In the former, the degree of membership is presented as a function and in the latter specific degrees of membership are assigned to discreet values.Results and Discussion Following preparation of the distribution map of landslide prone areas, the distribution of these areas was studied in the form of nine factors influencing landslide occurrence. Each information layer (elevation classes, slope, orientation of slope, distance from fault, distance from river, precipitation, land use and lithology) were classified into five categories each receiving a score of 1 to 5 based on degree of susceptibility to landslides. The category with highest degree of susceptibility to landslide received a score of 5. The factor maps were combined with the landslide distribution map to determine the relationship between landslides and factors influencing its occurrence and also to prepare the landslide hazard zoning map. ConclusionThis research studied the landslide-prone areas in the Abgalal Watershed using a fuzzy logic model. Using field studies, geological and topographic maps, reviewing the previous research conducted on this subject, and also investigating the existing conditions in the study region, eight factors (elevation classes, slope, direction of slope, lithology, distance from fault, distance from river, land use and precipitation) were studied as the factors influencing landslide occurrence. Following the fuzzification stage, landslide zoning maps were prepared using fuzzy gamma operators (for gamma values equal to 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9). The results of the qualitative addition method revealed that the fuzzy gamma operator ( at gamma=0.9) was more suitable than the others. Finally, the obtained map was classified into the very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility categories, with 1.6% and 94% of the study region in the high and very low susceptibility zones, respectively. These results demonstrated that the study region had high potential for landslide occurrence due to the presence of a river network, precipitation, rangelands, urban areas, and weak lithology. Moreover, large areas lying south of the study region also have high potential for sliding movement. Keywords: Abgalal Watershed, Fuzzy Logic, Landslide Zoning, Index of Qualitative Addition.ConclusionThis research studied the landslide-prone areas in the Abgalal Watershed using a fuzzy logic model. Using field studies, geological and topographic maps, reviewing the previous research conducted on this subject, and also investigating the existing conditions in the study region, eight factors (elevation classes, slope, direction of slope, lithology, distance from fault, distance from river, land use and precipitation) were studied as the factors influencing landslide occurrence. Following the fuzzification stage, landslide zoning maps were prepared using fuzzy gamma operators (for gamma values equal to 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9). The results of the qualitative addition method revealed that the fuzzy gamma operator ( at gamma=0.9) was more suitable than the others. Finally, the obtained map was classified into the very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility categories, with 1.6% and 94% of the study region in the high and very low susceptibility zones, respectively. These results demonstrated that the study region had high potential for landslide occurrence due to the presence of a river network, precipitation, rangelands, urban areas, and weak lithology. Moreover, large areas lying south of the study region also have high potential for sliding movement.
ملخص الجهاز:
با استفاده از مطالعات ميداني ، نقشه هاي زمين شناسي و توپوگرافي و با مرور مطالعات صورت گرفته در اين زمينه و همچنين بررسي شرايط موجود در منطقه هشت عامل طبقات ارتفاعي ، شيب ، جهت شيب ، ليتولوژي ، فاصله از گسل ، فاصله از رودخانه ، کاربري اراضي و بارش به عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع زمين لغزش بررسي شد و بعد از مرحله فازي سازي ، نقشه هاي پهنه بندي زمين لغزش با استفاده از عملگر گاماي فازي با مقادير ۰/۷، ۰/۸، ۰/۹ تهيه شد.
بررسي مطالعات صورت گرفته در اين زمينه نشان داد که تا کنون مطالعات زيادي در اين زمينه صورت گرفته است که در ادامه به تعدادي از آنها اشاره شده است : سوري و همکاران ( ۱۳۹۲)، براي پهنه بندي خطر زمين لغزش در حوزه چم سنگر از عملگرهاي منطق فازي استفاده کردند و نتايج مطالعات آنها نشان داد که عملگر گاماي ۰/۹ روش کارآمدتري نسبت به عملگرهاي جمع جبري فازي و ضرب جبري فازي براي تهيه نقشه خطر لغزش هاي حوزه چم سنگر مي باشد.
(به تصویر صفحه مراجعه شود) شکل ۱۲: نمودار مساحت تحت اشغال کلاس هاي خطر در گاماي فازي (۰/۹) نتيجه گيري در اين پژوهش به شناسايي عوامل مؤثر در وقوع زمين لغزش با استفاده از مدل فازي و ارزيابي مقايسه اي روش آماري در تهيه نقشه پهنه بندي خطر زمين لغزش در حوضه آبريز آبگلال پرداخته شده است .