بومی سازی الگوی شهر اکولوژیک پایداربر مبنای استانداردEC و IES ( مطالعه موردی: شهردرچه) مقالة

امروزه چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی و زیرساخت‌های شهری به‌عنوان موضوع مهمی برای برنامه‌ریزان شهری، مدیران و دست‌اندرکاران مسائل شهری درآمده است. رویکردهای مختلفی برای رسیدن به تعادل و پایداری شهری ارائه شده است، یکی از این رویکردها شهر اکولوژیک است. شهر اکولوژیک شهری است که ساختارهای کالبدی و اقتصادی آن با رعایت ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی یا به عبارتی سازگار با شرایط محیط طبیعی شکل‌گرفته باشد. هدف این پژوهش بومی‌سازی الگوی شهر اکولوژیک در راستای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در شهر درچه است. این پژوهش از لحاظ پارادایمی جزء پژوهش‌های کیفی به شمار می‌رود، از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است و از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی، تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت اسنادی و میدانی از طریق ابزار مصاحبه با متخصصان با روش دلفی بوده است. در این روش با 30 نفر از کارشناسان و خبرگان مسائل شهری مصاحبه انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، بعد زیست‌محیطی و شاخص‌های آن بالاترین فراوانی (5) و بالاترین میانگین (22/4) را در بین دیگر ابعاد و شاخص‌های شهر اکولوژیک درچه به خود اختصاص داده است، پس از آن بعد اقتصادی و شاخص‌های آن با فراوانی (4) و میانگین (11/4) در رتبه دوم قرار دارد؛ بنابراین در الگوی پیشنهادی بومی شهر اکولوژیک درچه شاخص‌های این دو بعد باید در اولویت برنامه‌ریزی مدیران شهری قرار گیرد. همچنین جهت بومی‌سازی الگوی شهر اکولوژیک پایدار از استانداردهای EC و IES استفاده شد؛ بنابراین شاخص‌هایی مانند استفاده از انرژی پاک، ساختمان سبز، حمل‌ونقل عمومی، پیاده و دوچرخه باید در دستور کار برنامه‌ریزان و مدیریت شهری جهت دستیابی به شهر اکولوژیک قرار گیرد.

Today, environmental challenges and urban infrastructures have become important issues for urban planners, managers and those who are involved in urban issues. Various approaches have been proposed to achieve urban balance and sustainability, one of which is the ecological city. An ecological city is a city whose physical and economic structures have been formed with environmental considerations and are compatible with natural environmental conditions. The purpose of this study is to localize the ecological city model in order to achieve sustainable development in the city of Dorcheh. This research is considered as qualitative research in terms of paradigm, applied in terms of purpose and descriptive, analytical and exploratory in terms of nature. The method of data collection was documentary and field through interview tools with Delphi method. In this method, 30 experts and specialized people on urban issues were interviewed. The results show that the environmental dimension and its indicators have the highest frequency (5) and the highest average (4.22) among other dimensions and indicators of the ecological city of Dorcheh, followed by the economic dimension and the index. It is in the second place with frequency (4) and average (4.11). Therefore, in the proposed model of the ecological city, the indicators of these two dimensions should be in the planning priority of city managers; Also, EC and IES standards were used to localize the model of sustainable ecological city. Therefore, the indicators such as using the clean energy, green building, public pedestrian, and bicycle transport should be on the agenda of the urban planners and the managers to achieve an ecological city. Extended Abstract1-IntroductionSustainable development gradually introduced different approaches with different goals over time. One of the approaches in which the issue of environment is more prominent and emphasizes the relationship between urban development and nature is the ecological city. An ecological city is a city that its physical and economical structures have been formed according to either its environmental considerations or its natural environmental conditions. Today, the discussion about the sustainability and sustainable development without considering the environmental capabilities of the city will be meaningless, since the main causes of instability in the world are cities. Therefore, the sustainability of human life depends on the environmental sustainability of the cities. The importance of this issue becomes clear when we accept that cities are different from each other, so a sustainable development in the form of an ecological approach should be based on ecological and indigenous criteria and the capacities of regions. The main purpose of the study is to localize the ecological city model in order to achieve a sustainable development the city of Dorcheh.2-Materials and MethodsThe study is considered as a qualitative research in terms of paradigm. The study can be regarded as an applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive analytical, and exploratory in nature. The method of data collection was documentary and field through two tools of questionnaires and interviews with experts based on the Delphi method. The group of experts was identified by snowball method and based on theoretical saturation. First, a list of people who were able to participate in the interview was prepared. It includes 15 people such as members of the city council, mayors of different periods, experts of the urban planning unit of Dorcheh municipality and environmental activists including 15 people. When the interview was finished, another 15 people were identified. The interviewees, while having knowledge and expertise in the field of urban planning issues, are often residents of Dorcheh or have worked in the field of Dorcheh city issues.3- Results and DiscussionBased on the results of the qualitative method (Delphi interview), the most important indicators and effective factors considered by the group of experts have been investigated in presenting the native model of the ecological city in the city of Dorcheh in the third stage of Delphi using the mean comparison test. The results show that the environmental dimension has the highest frequency (5) and the highest average (4.22) among other indicators, followed by the economic dimension with the frequency (4) and the average (4.11) in second place. Therefore, what indicators of these two dimensions should be in the planning priority of city managers in the proposed model of the ecological city? Based on this, the proposed indigenous model of Dorcheh, Ecological City was designed in the form of 8 main indicators with the priority of the indicators of these two dimensions, and at the same time, according to the spatial perspective of geography, indicators of other dimensions were also considered. Considering that the urban geological approach is now widely implemented at the international level and in various regions, especially in Europe and China, standards called European and Chinese (EC) standards and international standards for ecological cities (IES)have been designed. As a result, based on the current situation of the country's cities, especially the city under the study and environmental, physical, Economic, managerial and social conditions, some standards were recommended to ecological city in 1420.4- ConclusionIn this study, the localized model of a sustainable ecological city (Case study: Darcheh city) was presented. The results of the qualitative method (Delphi interview) show the environmental dimension with the indicators of prioritizing per capita urban green space, restoring the destroyed environment of Zayandehrud, prioritizing per capita material and urban streams, improving waste and sewage, proximity and symmetry of nature with human habitat has the highest frequency and average among the other indicators. The economic dimension with indicators of food tourism sustainability, attention to urban green jobs, attention to self-sufficient economy, attention to Pigeon ecotourism centers and towers are in the second place. They have a positive impact on the development of the ecological city. It reveals that in order to achieve the ecological city and localize its model, more emphasis should be placed on the indicators of these two dimensions. The construction of Dorcheh urban ecological model was done based on EC and IES standards. Therefore, the reconstruction model of these two approaches should be considered.

مهمترین ابعاد و شاخص های بومی شهر اکولوژیک درچه از نظر خبرگان ابعاد شاخص ها اولویت دهی به سرانه فضای سبز شهری، احیای محیط زیست تخریب شده زاینده رود، اولویت دهی به سرانه بعد زیست محیطی مادی ها و انهار شهر، بهبود وضعیت پسماند و فاضلاب ، توجه به نزدیکی و تقارن طبیعت با زیستگاه انسانی پایداری گردشگری خوراک، توجه به مشاغل سبز شهری، توجه به اقتصاد خودکفا محور، توجه به مراکز بعد اقتصادی بوم گردی و برج های کبوتر بهره گیری از تنوع و اختلاط کاربری در بافت فرسوده و اراضی بایر شهر، توجه به حمل ونقل عمومی، توجه به بعد کالبدی مسیرهای پیاده رو و دوچرخه متصل و پیوسته ، جلوگیری از تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی شهر بعد مدیریتی تهیه و تدوین قوانین اکولوژیک توسط شورای شهر و مدیریت شهری بعد اجتماعی ارزشمند شمردن احترام به طبیعت بر اساس نتایج جدول ٧ بعد زیست محیطی و شاخص های آن بـالاترین فراوانـی (٥) و بـالاترین میـانگین (٤/٢٢) را در بین دیگر ابعاد و شاخص ها به خود اختصـاص داده اسـت ، پـس از آن بعـد اقتصـادی و شـاخص هـای آن بـا فراوانـی (٤) و میانگین (٤/١١) در رتبه دوم قرار دارد؛ بنابراین در الگوی پیشنهادی بومی شهر اکولوژیک درچه شاخص های ایـن دو بعـد باید در اولویت برنامه ریزی مدیران شهری قرار بگیرد.