خلاصة:
در حال حاضر توسعه اقتصادی بدون مشارکت اقتصادی زنان امکانپذیر نیست. با این وجود، نرخ مشارکت اقتصادی زنان در ایران در سطح مطلوبی قرار ندارد. بر اساس آخرین آمار، استان یزد رتبه دوم را از لحاظ نرخ بیکاری زنان دارد. از این رو، این تحقیق با هدف واکاوی موانع مشارکت اقتصادی زنان در استان یزد انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه از روش تحقیق کیفی بهره گرفته شد. جامعه هدف تحقیق شامل گروههای منتخب استان یزد بود. نمونهگیری به صورت هدفمند انجام گرفت و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه پیدا کرد. ابزار گردآوری دادهها مصاحبه و مشاهده بود. برای اطمینان از روایی و پایایی دادهها، پژوهشگر به هنگام جمعآوری دادهها از روشهای مختلفی چون بررسی اسناد و مدارک، مصاحبه، تهیه عکس و فیلم و ضبط صـدا بهره گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، از کدگذاری استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد در گام اول، با کدگذاری باز 19 مفهوم اصلی استخراج گردید. در گام دوم، کدگذاری محوری انجام گرفت و از 19 مفهوم (کدهای اولیه)،3 مقوله فرعی شامل نگرش نسبت به نقش زنان در فضای کسب و کار، بهره کشی از نیروی کار زنان و اثرات فردی، خانوادگی و فرهنگی اشتغال زنان شناسایی شد. در نهایت، مدل پارادیمی شامل شرایط علّی، شرایط زمینهای، پیامدها، تعاملات و راهبردها به تصویر کشیده شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، پیشنهاداتی به منظور افزایش مشارکت اقتصادی زنان ارائه گردید.
Nowadays, economic development is not possible without women's economic participation. Nevertheless, women in society face obstacles and challenges in terms of economic participation. According to Statistical Center of Iran, the economic participation rate of women in Iran is 13.3 percent. Meanwhile, in many developed countries, nearly 50 percent of the economically active population is made up of women. Furthermore, based on the latest statistics, Yazd province ranks second in terms of female unemployment rate. Therefore, this research aimed at analyzing the barriers to women's economic participation in Yazd province. Qualitative research method was used in this study. The target population of the research was the selected groups including senior and executive managers, human resources managers, business elites and entrepreneurs, employers, specialists and human resources experts, students and graduates in Yazd province. Sampling was purposeful and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Data collection tools included interviewing, observing, recording data and recording audio or video. The interview question was: What are the barriers to women's economic participation in Yazd province? To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, the researcher used various methods during data collection, such as reviewing documents, interviewing, taking photos and videos, and recording audio. Coding was applied to analyze the data. The results showed that in the first step, 19 main concepts were extracted in open coding including "Ignoring the women's abilities", "Limiting women's economic participation", "Limiting women to housework and childbearing duties", "The existence of wrong culture regarding the women's employment", "The existence of negative attitude towards women's employment", "Traditional and reductionist attitude towards women", "The existence of a traditional view of women's employment", "Gender attitudes in employment", "Successful global experience of women's economic activity", "Women's employment only for the purpose of exploiting", "Lack of equal gender opportunities for employment", "Ignoring women's rights in economic fields", "The low level of women's employment in managerial and administrative fields, "The low level of women's economic participation", "Women's conditional employment", "Modernity in child rearing", "Attitudinal changes caused by being in society", "Conflict between social and family roles", "Failure to develop self-confidence and independence in women". In the second step, axial coding was conducted and out of 19 concepts (open coding), 3 subcategories were identified, including the attitude towards the role of women in the business environment, the exploitation of women's labor force, and the individual, family and cultural effects of women's employment. Finally, the paradigm model including causal conditions, contextual conditions, consequences, intervening conditions and strategies was depicted. According to the results, it was recommended that culturizing and creating a positive attitude towards women's employment and economic participation should be addressed through mass media. Furthermore, it is suggested that legislators should eliminate gender discrimination in salaries and benefits as much as possible through the amendment of laws.