بررسی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود فضای کسب‌وکار در کشورهای منطقه منا مقاله

بهبود فضای کسب‌وکار همواره به‌عنوان یکی از اهداف اصلی نظام‌های اقتصادی حاکم در کشورها مطرح بوده است و راه‌های دستیابی به این هدف، سوالی است که ذهن سیاست‌گذاران را به خود مشغول کرده است. در این پژوهش تلاش شده است تا عوامل موثر بر بهبود فضای کسب‌وکار بر اساس شاخص سهولت کسب‌وکار بانک جهانی موردبررسی قرار گیرد و اهمیت این عوامل به ترتیب اولویت مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد. پژوهش حاضر با داده‌های پانلی ۱7 کشور منطقه منا در بازه زمانی 2010 تا 2015 انجام‌شده است. در این مطالعه از یک مدل رگرسیونی استفاده‌شده است، که میزان تاثیر هر یک از زیر شاخص‌های فضای کسب‌وکار بر روی بهبود فضای کسب‌وکار را موردبررسی قرار می‌دهد. با توجه نتایج حاصله مولفه پرداخت دیون بیشترین تاثیر را بر بهبود فضای کسب‌وکار دارد و بعدازآن اجرای قراردادها و شرایط و مقررات اخذ مجوز رتبه‌های بعدی را ازنظر تاثیرگذاری به خود اختصاص می‌دهند.

Introduction Improving the business environment has always been one of the main goals of the prevailing economic regimes in the countries, and ways to achieve this goal are a challenge for policy-makers. In this research, efforts have been made to examine the factors affecting the improvement of the business environment based on the Ease of doing business of the World Bank and the importance of these factors in the order of priority to be identified. The present study was conducted with panel data of 17 countries in the MENA region during the period 2010-2015. In this study, a regression model has been used that examines the impact of each of the under-indicators of the business environment on improving the business environment. Considering the results, the resolving insolvency has the greatest impact on the improvement of the business environment, and subsequently the enforcing contracts and dealing with construction permits will rank next. Literature and the theoretical background Encouraging investment and entrepreneurship is one of the main pillars of creating people-centered growth in society. Investing and entrepreneurship in a country depend on creating a favorable business environment. Because a number of factors affecting the performance of enterprises are beyond the control of investors and economic activists, which is known in the literature as the business environment. Considering that the conditions of the business environment of each country are one of the main factors affecting the decision making of investors, the attention of economists and policymakers to improving the business environment and investment has increased significantly in recent years. So that the business environment keyword in the management and macroeconomics literature has won a special place. Even in the strategic management literature, Porter has focused on the competitiveness of firms in the competitiveness of nations and the role of government laws and policymakers in this area (Porter, 1990). Today, the creation of a platform for the competitiveness of the private sector and economic enterprises is one of the key roles and responsibilities of the governments (Osborne & Gaebler, 1992). The impact of the favorable business environment, the increase in the attraction of domestic and foreign investment, employment creation and GDP growth are not overlooked and even though our country has been ranked among the countries in favor of the business environment for many years, unfortunately, it has not been able to rank well among countries. These conditions have now made the business environment improving, given the challenges facing the country's economy, an indispensable necessity for the country. However, it seems that there is not suitable environment to create the right environment for investment and business in our country. In order to achieve the true position of the Iranian economy in the area of the business environment index, which is as a way to the development of the route, important steps should be taken (Bakhtiari & Shayesteh, 1391). In this paper, we have tried to identify the most important factors affecting the business environment in the ease of doing business by using the econometric methods and the World Bank data. In other words, the authors have sought to answer this question, which are the most important factors affecting the improvement of the business environment in the countries under study? Methods The research community in this study is developing countries. Given the existing constraints and research objectives, a sample of countries should be selected as a sample to study in these countries. Therefore, some of the developing countries with the title "MENA countries" were selected as the case study for the present study. The names of these countries are given in Table (1). The information needed for this study has been gathered using secondary data, mainly from the World Bank resources and the official ease of doing business index. In order to analyze the data in this study, the regression method of panel data and stata software constructed by the Stato Clap Company has been used. In this study, a regression model was used to examine the effect of each of the following indicators of the business environment on improving the business environment. Table 1. Research sample (MENA countries) Row Country Name Row Row Country Name 1 Algeria 7 Tunisia 13 Morocco 2 Bahrain 8 United Arab Emirates 14 Oman 3 Jibouti 9 The West Bank and Gaza Strip 15 Diameter 4 Egypt 10 Iraq 16 Saudi Arabia 5 Iran 11 Jordan 17 Syria 6 Lebanon 12 Kuwait 18 Qatar To analyze the data in the present study, five steps are taken as follows: A) The first step is the Lyme test B) Step two is Hunsman Test C) Step three is examination of the lack of self-correlation D) Step four is test of variance of heterogeneity E) Step five is final Estimate of Model Findings and discussion Table 1 shows the results of the model's final estimation in MENA countries. Since the probability values of (0.000) are smaller than 0.05. Therefore, the significance of the whole model is verified. The z values and the resulting probabilities for the model explanatory variables indicate that all the explanatory variables used in the model are statistically significant and have a positive sign. This indicates their positive impact on their dependent variable, which is also consistent with theoretical foundations. The higher the explanatory variable coefficient, the greater its significance, and vice versa, the lower the coefficient of the explanatory variable, indicates the greater attention to that variable in economic policy. Table 1. Results obtained from the final estimation of the model Variable Coefficient Standard deviation The statistics Z Probability C (Width from source( -1/35 0/853 -1/59 0/112 start 0/0975 0.014 6/83 0/000 dealing 0/111 0/006 16/87 0/000 enforce 0/113 0/008 12/87 0/000 credit 0/108 0/005 20/84 0/000 elec 0/106 0/006 17/69 0/000 tax 0/1092 0/006 17/34 0/000 protect 0/1090 0/006 17/14 0/000 regist 0/077 0/007 10/13 0/000 trading 0/084 0/004 18/38 0/000 resolving 0/117 0/005 22/17 0/000 Prob> = 0/000 (10)= 27030/54 Conclusion According to the estimated results, all parameters have the expected symbol and their mark corresponds to the theoretical expectation. In the model, all indicators have a positive effect on the ease of doing business environment, and each of them increases the total score of these countries in the index of business environment. According to the results, the payback component has the greatest impact on the improvement of the business environment, and then the implementation of the contracts and terms of obtaining the license of the next level will be influenced by the impact.

اما باوجوداينکه کشور ما در رتبه بندي کشورها ازنظر مساعد بودن فضاي کسب وکار سال هاست که حضور دارد ولي متأسفانه نتوانسته است جايگاه مناسبي را در بين کشورها به خود اختصاص دهد و اين شرايط موجب شده است که اکنون بهبود فضاي کسب وکار با توجه به چالش هاي پيش روي اقتصاد کشور به ضرورتي انکارناپذير براي کشور تبديل شود. اسگويي و ولي زاده (١٣٩٦) در پژوهشي با عنوان «تأثير بهبود فضاي کسب وکار بر تجارت خارجي : مطالعه موردي شرکاي عمده تجاري ايران » به بررسي تأثير شاخص هاي فضاي کسب وکار به صادرات و واردات بين ٣٠ کشور در بازه زماني ٢٠٠٤ الي ٢٠١٤ به روش گشتاور تعميم يافته پرداخته اند. اين پژوهش با استفاده از داده هاي تابلويي براي کشورهاي توسعه يافته و درحال توسعه توسط دو مدل تسريع شده است و نتايج حاکي از تأثير معنيدار فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر بهبود فضاي کسب وکار در کشورهاي توسعه يافته و عدم وجود رابطه معنيدار در کشورهاي درحال توسعه هست (مرادحاصل و همکاران ، ١٣٨٧). (به تصوير صفحه مراجعه شود)نمودار ١٠) وضعيت کشور مصر  بررسي وضعيت کشور الجزاير با توجه نمودار ١١، وضعيت الجزاير در رتبه بندي فضاي کسب وکار شبيه به ايران هست و همواره جايگاهي بالاتر از ميانگين منطقه و رتبه بين ١٣٥ تا ١٥٥ را به خود اختصاص داده است . (به تصوير صفحه مراجعه شود)نمودار ١٧) وضعيت کشور يمن تحليل مدل در اين مطالعه از يک مدل رگرسيوني استفاده شده است ، که ميزان تأثير هر يک از زير شاخص هاي فضاي کسب وکار بر روي بهبود فضاي کسب وکار مورد ارزيابي قرار ميدهد.