الجهاد الإسلامي في الدراسات الاستشراقية، دراسة تحليلية نقدیة مقاله

دراسات استشراقية شتاء 2017 - العدد 10 (‎52 صفحه - از 71 تا 122 )

چکیده:

The theme of jihad in Islam has occupied a significant place in the analyses of the Muslim and the non-Muslim intellectuals and scientists worldwide over the past two centuries. Actually, the Islamic nation has displayed an unusual resistance for the past two centuries against all forms of occupation and colonialism; also, the Muslims have succeeded after sacrificing millions of martyrs across the Islamic world in ousting the occupiers from their land in the twentieth century from Algeria to Egypt, and from Damascus to Iraq down to the Indian sub-continent and….The West had felt that the Muslims were not the same as some other African countries which had not known Islam; It was because their religion included resisting legislations, with jihad at the top of the list. The erudite Muslims since Jamalul Deen Al Afghani (1838- 1897) till today have been calling for the revival of what they described as the unattended duty, in other words, the duty of jihad. The reaction to this duty in the Muslim mediums was not restricted to one sect, but both the sunnis and the shiites with their various sectarianism have participated in such reaction; moreover, the non- Muslims have contributed to that in both the Arab and the Muslim worlds, too. This unexpected resistance has caused a shock in the West, later to the Zionist entity. Thus, the western and the Zionist studies have launched analyzing this theme at various levels. For more than one century, the West and the orientalists have been studying the phenomenon of jihad due to what this duty has caused about astonishing resistance by the Muslims. Since the beginning, the goal was studying the Islamic religion and the sciences that branched out such as jurisdiction, its fundamentals besides the Islamic doctrine, its fundamentals (theology), interpretation and the prophetic religious law. The critics and the researchers disagree on the nature of the intentions of orientalism and its goals. Nevertheless, it is well known that orientalism, on one side, has generally had an influence on studying and publishing and introducing the civilizational heritage of the Muslims, and it has, on the other side, contributed in recognizing the weaknesses of the Muslims, distorting their history, criticizing their religion, facilitating for colonizing and dominating the Islamic world. Thus, we found it obligatory to study the significance and the concept of jihad from the Islamic point of view in contrast with the definition of orientalism, its definable and scientific terminology, then pairing between the two and pointing out the output which the studies of orientalism have reached about the Islamic doctrine generally, and the jihad theme in the Islamic intellect in particular; arriving eventually at highlighting the most important efforts made to answer most of those views the orientalists have come up with in their studies of Islam and its doctrine.

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