چکیده:
چکیدهبا رشد روزافزون سهم گردشگری در اقتصاد کشورها، امروزه توجه دولتها و بخشهای خصوصی بیش از پیش به سرمایهگذاری، برنامهریزی و بازنگری مجدد در فعالیتهای گردشگری معطوف شده است. برنامهریزی سفر و تعیین مقاصد گردشگری یکی از مسائل مهم گردشگران محسوب میگردد. اگرچه شبکه جهانی وب و یا شبکههای اجتماعی موجود منبع مناسبی را برای شناسایی جاذبههای گردشگری فراهم میاورند، اما انتخاب یک یا مجموعهای از مکانهای گردشگری برای سفر، بطوریکه بتواند بیشترین شباهت را با علایق و ترجیحات گردشگران داشته باشد، به یک چالش در این زمینه تبدیل شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، طراحی و توسعه یک سامانه توصیه گر گردشگری مبتنی بر وب GIS است که بتواند به صورت هوشمند مکانهای گردشگری را به کاربران پیشنهاد و به بهترین شکل به نیازها و علایق آنها پاسخ دهد. این سامانه، با توجه به اطلاعات دموگرافیک گردشگران و مقایسه آنها با اطلاعات جغرافیایی داوطلبانه (VGI) که گردشگران قبلی از جاذبههای گردشگری گزارش نمودهاند، مکانهای مناسب گردشگری را به گردشگران جدید پیشنهاد مینماید. سامانه مورد نظر این امکان را فراهم میسازد که گردشگران بتوانند به صورت داوطلبانه میزان علاقه و جذابیت مکانهای گردشگری را بر روی نقشهOpenStreetMap مشخص کنند تا در موارد مشابه در اختیار سایر گردشگران قرار بگیرد. اجرای این سامانه در منطقه تاریخی شهر یزد نشان میدهد که بکارگیری آن میتواند نقش بسیار مهمی را در انتخاب جاذبههای گردشگری، مسیریابی و برنامهریزی سفر، متناسب با علایق، ترجیحات و اطلاعات دموگرافیک گردشگران ایفا کند.
1- IntroductionThe tourism has positive economic, social and cultural effects on human societies and is one of the most valuable sources of income in many countries. Travel planning is one of the most important things that can be considered in order to have a good and desirable trip. Travel recommendation systems are examples of techniques used in the field of tourism that aim to match the characteristics of tourism resources or tourist attractions with the needs and priorities of tourists and provide appropriate It is the most touristy place. Voluntary geographic information (VGI) can play an important role in this regard. People in the community can monitor and share the geographic information of their environment as active, analytical, intelligent, responsible, environment-aware, mobile, distributed and interactive sensors.This study recommends a system that intelligently receives demographic information, users' interests and preferences, and according to the spatial information shared as a VGI by other tourists, the most appropriate attractions Recommends tourism to visitors using a business system based on business networks. Also, this GIS-based tourism system, using TSP. Algorithm, provides the most optimal route to reach tourist attractions on the map.2- Research method2-1- Study areaThe study area is the historical area of Yazd with an approximate area of 3.5 square kilometers, which is located in the city center. Yazd city with an area of 107.4 square kilometers is the largest historical unit and administrative center of Yazd province, which in recent years, has faced a very large population growth compared to other urban areas of Yazd province.2-2- Tourism recommender system2-2-1- Data used in the systemIn this research, the database of Yazd Municipality has been used to collect statistical information on tourism visits in 2015, the vector layer of the regional road network and the vector layers related to the location of tourist places, services and all related facilities. Also, in order to implement the tourism recommender system with a suitable user interface, software: Arc GIS 10.5, Postgre sql 9.6.1, Visual Studio 2013, Netica 6.3, Notepad ++ and GeoServer 2.13.2 have been used.2-2-2- Estimating user travel preferences using Bayesian networkBayesian network is one of the methods of presenting knowledge by combining Bayesian theory with a graphical model and has many applications in problem solving and cause and effect analysis. This method uses a posterior distribution to analyze various parameters. This model includes a set of nodes and directional edges that nodes represent variables and edges represent cause and effect relationships between variables.The Bayesian network designed in this study is based on demographic information (age, gender, income, occupation, level of education and type of travel of users), interests and preferences of tourists, and previous knowledge (information collected from related sources) in the software. Netica software is quality and quantified.2-2-3- Using VGI system in system designVGI is an important source of geographic information and is very important in cases where data collection from other sources is not possible. The information system designed in this research has a system to enter the preferences and interests of tourists after visiting tourist attractions. In this system, the experience of others is considered more than the experience of new people.2-2-4- Introducing the optimal tourism route in the systemIn addition to providing a list of tourist destinations tailored to users' preferences, a tourism recommender system also identifies the best route to access each of the tourist attractions. The routes suggested in this study start by moving from a tourist residence or hotel and return to the starting point after visiting the recommended places. For this reason, the TSP problem has been used for optimal routing in this system.3- Findings and discussionThe purpose of this article is to develop a tourism recommender system to offer suitable tourist attractions to tourists. By combining recommendation algorithms and VGI data in the form of a WebGIS system, this system is able to share the demographic information of new users with data from previous users who voluntarily share their views of tourist attractions. Combine and anticipate tourist attractions tailored to new users' interests and access paths.After introducing the tourist attractions, the user's movement route between the tourist attractions is done by specifying the starting point (here Mehr Hotel). Also, in order to move the user, the suggested locations are extracted and the optimal route introduced by the system is displayed on the OSM map with the help of the network layer of the area roads. At any time, the user can view the nearest facilities such as coffee shop, restaurant, gas station, hospital, etc. on the map if needed.4- ConclusionDetermining the appropriate tourist attractions according to the interests and preferences of tourists is one of the important measures in tourism planning. Tourists will be fully satisfied with a trip when their needs, interests, preferences and demographic and social conditions are taken into account in the travel planning. In this research, a GIS web-based tourism recommender system has been created using voluntary geographic information and tourist demographic information. The system uses Bayesian network modeling to analyze the preferences of tourists and can predict the behavior of visiting tourist attractions through conditional probabilities and the impact of each of the various parameters and factors in choosing the type. Show tourist attractions. One of the most important features of this system is the possibility of user interaction with it, so that tourists can voluntarily share their opinions and suggestions about the visited attractions, based on which the suggestions system Relate to tourist attractions that are in line with the interests and preferences of new tourists.