چکیده:
امروزه موضوع نابرابری و عدم تعادل فضایی میان مناطق روستایی و شهری از مباحث مهم برنامهریزان منطقهای است. برای توازن بخشیدن و کاهش نابرابری نقاط روستایی، توجه به شهرهای کوچک یکی از راهکارهای تعادلبخشی به این وضعیت است. مقاله حاضر با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و با استفاده از روشها و مدلهای کمی مانند ضریب مکانی (LQ) و شاخص مرکزیت به تحلیل عملکرد شهرهای شهرستان رودبار میپردازد. در این مقاله، اهدافی چون تبیین رابطه بین کارکرد نقاط شهری در خدماترسانی به نواحی روستایی شهرستان، رتبهبندی برخورداری خدمات و تعیین سطوح توسعهیافتگی روستاهای حوزة نفوذ مستقیم شهرهای شهرستان رودبار مورد توجه است. ضریب مکانی (LQ) مشخص نمود که شهرستان رودبار در زمینه کشاورزی و صنعت دارای ضریب (LQ) بالاتر از یک بوده و صادر کننده محصولات تولیدی میباشد اما از نظر خدمات (LQ) پایینتر از یک بوده و نشاندهنده وابستگی به شهرستانهای دیگر است. بر اساس شاخص مرکزیت، ساکنان حوزة نفوذ مستقیم شهرهای رودبار، لوشان، منجیل، رستمآباد و برهسر از نظر سطحبندی روستاهای حوزة نفوذ مستقیم خود دارای نظم هستند و شهرهای جیرنده و توتکابن از این نظم در سطحبندی روستاهای حوزة نفوذ مستقیم خود محروم هستند. این شهرها به غیر از انجام ارتباط اجباری اداری و سیاسی که موجب وابستگی روستا به شهر میشود در سایر موارد چون مناسبات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی علاوه بر شهرهای خود به شهرهای دیگر شهرستان نیز مراجعه میکنند.
Today, the inequality and spatial imbalance between the rural and urban areas is an important issue for regional planners. To balance and reduce the inequality in rural areas, it is essential paying attention to small towns. It was descriptive-analytical research. Using quantitative methods and models such as spatial coefficient (LQ) and centrality index, the present article analyzed the performance of Rudbar cities. In this article, the objectives include explaining the relationship between the function of urban areas in providing services to rural areas of the city, ranking the availability of services, and determining the levels of development of villages in the area of direct influence of Rudbar cities were considered. Location quotient (LQ) showed that Rudbar city in the field of agriculture and industry had a coefficient (LQ) higher than one and was an exporter of manufactured products, but in terms of services (LQ) was less than one and indicated the dependence on the other cities. According to the concentration index, the residents of the cities of Rudbar, Lowshan, Manjil, Rostamabad, and Bare-sar were regular in terms of ranking their domain villages, and the cities of Jirandeh and Tootkabon are irregular. In addition to the forced administrative and political communication that makes the village dependent on the city, in other cases, residents are referred to other towns of the county for economic, social, and cultural relations. Extended Abstract Introduction The occurrence of inequality and lack of attention to the villages within the area has weakened and accelerated the destruction of these settlements and created a spatial imbalance within the area and a one-way flow of services, capital, information, and population to urban centers. To provide services and conditions for creating balance and development in the rural areas, the creation and development of small towns through the promotion of large and talented villages can improve the quality of life in rural areas and prevent migration to the large cities. Since the city and the village have interdependence of social, economic, and environmental, so little attention to the spatial attitude at the local and regional levels and ignoring the urban and rural systems causes disorder in the settlements of the city. Small cities, playing the role of the central market of rural spheres of influence while providing various services in this field, are considered an important stimulus in strengthening and economic strength of rural areas. Spatial inequality and imbalances between the urban and rural settlements are important issues for regional planners. Therefore, creating a balanced and systematic hierarchy of settlements is a basic need to achieve balanced and integrated development in the regional space. In the meantime, paying attention to small towns is one of the ways to balance this situation. In organizing rural areas, strengthening and growing small towns cannot be ignored because these centers provide facilities and services to their rural areas and can play a significant role in the development of the suburban regions. In general, small cities can be considered centers with a significant role in strengthening the drivers of growth and spatial development of their domain of influence. The importance of rural development is due to its impact and relationship with economic growth as well as the establishment of social security. It seems that cities that do not have rural development do not have a proper economic structure and lack infrastructure services and imbalances in the region. This is a factor in increasing unemployment and increasing migration of villagers to cities, followed by many social and economic problems. Based on the results of research and studies (some of which will be mentioned below), one of the most important solutions in this regard is to strengthen small towns in order to better access rural services to urban services, which strengthens and develops areas. It is a village in order to prevent migration and stabilize the population and provide services and create employment in the small towns of this city. The diversity and difference of rural settlements in Rudbar city in the framework of unequal interactions between urban and rural areas, has led to the formation of incoherent networks and disintegration of rural settlements. These conditions necessitate the transformation of the settlements of Rudbar city. In order to achieve a spatial balance between rural settlements and small towns, it is necessary to study the function and performance of cities versus villages.MethodologyRudbar city is located in the south of Guilan province. This city is limited to Rasht city from the north, Qazvin province from the south, Shaft city from the northwest, Zanjan province from the west, and Siahkal city from the east. Rudbar city, with an area of about 2517 square kilometers, has seven cities named Rudbar, Manjil, Jirandeh, Rostamabad, Lushan, Totkabon, and Bare-sar It also has 4 districts, 7 cities, 10 rural districts, and 205 villages.Results and discussionAccording to the results of the general population and housing census of 2016, Rudbar city has 4 districts, 7 cities, 10 rural districts, and 205 villages. This city, with a population of 100,943 people, has 30,350 households and accounts for 4.07% of the total population of Guilan province. The seven cities of Rudbar are respectively Manjil with a population of 17396 people, Lushban with a population of 15193 people, Rostamabad with a population of 13749 people, Rudbar city with a population of 10926 people, Jirandeh with a population of 2584 people, Totkabon with a population of 1678 people, and Bare-sar with a population of 1416 people.ConclusionIn examining the function of cities in the development of surrounding villages, it was found that strengthening and equipping the towns will increase income in the cities and villages and also play a role in stabilizing the population of villages.The above results showed that the expected growth rate of small towns in Rudbar city is positive in all cases, which is due to the success of these cities in providing jobs compared to the province. The capital from the production surplus, instead of flowing to larger cities, will be spent on industrial activities in small towns of this city so that currently workshop-industrial units are operating in these towns.FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the workConflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments The authors thank the esteemed professors of the University of Guilan and the Islamic Azad University of Rasht.
خلاصه ماشینی:
در اين مقاله ، اهدافي چون تبيين رابطه بين کارکرد نقاط شهري در خدمات رساني به نواحي روستايي شهرستان ، رتبه بندي برخورداري خدمات و تعيين سطوح توسعه يافتگي روستاهاي حوزة نفوذ مستقيم شهرهاي شهرستان رودبار مورد توجه است .
توسعه اين گونه شهرهاي کوچک از سويي کاهش وابستگي به تمرکز زدايي اين کارکردها از نواحي شهري بزرگ را در پي دارد و از سوي ديگر باعث افزايش وابستگي به توسعۀ حوزة نفوذ روستاهايشان ، با يکپارچه کردن فعاليت هاي غير زراعي روستايي خواهد بود (ابراهيم زاده و همکاران ، ١٣٩١: ١٥١).
اکبريان و همکاران (١٣٩٢) در مقالۀ خود با عنوان نقش شهرهاي کوچک در بهبود کيفيت زندگي روستاهاي پيرامون ؛ مطالعۀ موردي: بخش رونيز - شهرستان استهبان اشاره نموده است که : توسعه و تقويت کانون هاي کوچک شهري ميتواند زمينه بهبود کيفيت زندگي توسعۀ نواحي روستايي پيرامون را در ابعاد مختلف به دنبال داشته باشد (اکبريان رونيزي و همکاران ، ١٣٩٢: ٨٨١).
آن ها با بيان اينکه مراکز شهري کوچک کارکردهاي مهم - بازار نزديک براي توليدات کشاورزان ، مکاني براي ايجاد فرصت هاي شغلي کوچک ، مرکزي براي توليد خدمات اجتماعي، مرکزي براي انتشار اخبار و اطلاعات جديد از بازار کالاها و خدمات ، مکاني براي اسکان جمعيت فاقد زمين و مسکن روستايي- بر پسکرانه هاي خود دارند، به اين نتيجه رسيده اند که همبستگي بين ميزان ارتباط روستاهاي پيراموني با شهر قير در بسياري از شاخص هاي توسعۀ اقتصادي و اجتماعي است (حسين آبادي و همکاران ، ١٣٩١: ١١٥).
Investigating the function of small cities in urban system and regional development (case study of Nayin city).