تحلیل و ارزیابی شاخص‌های شکوفایی در محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرسقز) مقاله

شهر‌ها به‌عنوان کانون تغییر و محلی که سیاست‌ها در آن تحقق می‌یابند‌, پدیدار شده‌اند‌. در این راستا سند نهایی کنفرانس توسعه پایدار ملل متحد با عنوان "آینده‌ای که ما می‌خواهیم" بیان داشته است؛ اگر شهرها به‌خوبی برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه داده شوند, می‌توانند جوامع پایدار اقتصادی‌, اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی را تحقق ببخشند. این سازمان برای تحقق نیک بختی شهرها الگویی به نام شهر شکوفا را معرفی کرد. این مقوله می‌تواند با تحلیل وضعیت موجود و اولویت‌بندی مداخلات برنامه‌ریزی، چشم‌انداز توسعه همه‌جانبه  برای شهرها را ترسیم کند. در این پژوهش نیز که باهدف ارزیابی شاخص‌های شکوفایی شهری در سطح محلات شهر سقز انجام شده است‌؛ شاخص‌های موثر در شکوفایی محلات شهر سقز را بااستفاده از نرم‌افزار MicMac شناسایی و سپس این عوامل کلیدی با استفاده از مدل ‌ کوپراس ‌‌در سطح محلات 22گانه شهر سقز سطح بندی شدند و برای بیان بصری از GIS استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش  به‌منظور ارزیابی شاخص‌های شکوفایی از 49 شاخص در پنج بعد استفاده‌شده است که بااستفاده از نرم‌افزار میک‌میک، 14شاخص کلیدی شناخته‌شده‌اند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که با توجه به شاخص‌های شکوفایی محلات‌22گانه شهر سقز‌، محلات 16، 19، 4، ‌11، 10که در جنوب شرقی مرکز و غرب شهر واقع‌شده‌اند از تاثیرگذاری کم و محلات‌22، 21،   9، 2، 20، 1 که در جنوب شرقی، مرکز وتا حدودی شمال شهر واقع شده، محلاتی بوده‌اند که می‌توانند در راستای تحقق شکوفایی وضعیت بهتری داشته باشند. می‌توان بیان کرد که بهبود فضایی و توزیع مناسب درآمدها، انسجام و مشارکت بیشتر، امکان دسترسی محلات با تاثیرگذاری کم به پارک‌ها و خدمات آموزشی و توزیع بهتر شاخص‌ها به ویژه شاخص‌های بهره‌وری و کیفیت زندگی در سطح این محلات از مهم‌ترین پیشنهادهای ارائه‌شده می‌‌باشد.

Cities have emerged as the center of change and where policies are implemented. In this regard the final document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development states with the title of the future we want; if cities are planned and developed as well, they can make it happen the Sustainable economic, social and environmental communities. This organization introduced a model In the name of the Prosperity city to realize the happiness of cities. This can draw the vision of comprehensive development for cities by analyzing the current situation and prioritizing planning interventions. In this research that has been done with the goal evaluation of Prosperity indicators in the neighborhoods of Saqez city; Effective indicators have been identified in the Prosperity of Saqqez neighborhoods Using MicMac software and then these key factors were graded using the copras model at the level of 22 neighborhoods of Saqez city and GIS is used for visual expression. In this study, 49 indicators have been used in five dimensions in order evaluation of Prosperity indicators. 14 key indicators are known using MiceMac software.‌ Research results show that according to the Prosperity indicators of 22 neighborhoods of Saqez city; neighborhoods 16, 19, 4, 11, 10 have little effect which are located in the southeast of the center and west of the city and neighborhoods 22, 21, 9, 2, 20.1 are in a better position to achieve prosperity which are located in the southeast, center and north of the city. Must be said spatial improvement and proper distribution of revenues, Greater cohesion and participation, the possibility of access to neighborhoods with low impact on parks and educational services and better distribution of indicators, especially indicators of productivity and quality of life are the most important proposals at the neighborhood level.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Due to the existing competitive environment and the development of new technologies in the age of globalization, UN-Habitat has taken a new approach in the field of urban development; a holistic and integrated approach to promote welfare and play a public role. This new approach helps cities in better management of the future of the city in the economic, political, social and environmental fields. This approach is called urban prosperity. Prosperity means success, wealth, progress, health or felicity. Urban prosperity creates a sense of individual and public social and economic security for the present and future of cities and it is realized of other immaterial needs and desires and the indicators of urban prosperity are complex and it's a multifaceted issue and understanding these complexities, accessibility indicators, valuation and measurement are important. The spatial structure of a city consists of components and elements and is with each other in interaction and each of these components will be affected on the whole structure. These indicators of urban prosperity are expressed as an urban prosperity cycle; includes: productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, social dimensions and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, Iranian cities encountered with rapid and unstable development and this does not end with urban development and there is a lot of problem, these problems are significant in cities. In the meantime, a multifaceted look and tool must be considered to address urban issues and challenges to guide cities towards real development to achieve this, the CPI is effective. The Urban Prosperity Index was introduced through the UN-Habitat Program and in Iran in the year 2016, it coincided with the start of the city council elections; the approaches of each study must change in accordance with the characteristics of the defined society and be localized. Optimal results can be one of three modes; Intermediate, critical, desirable which is done according to the situation of cities in the future. Optimal condition is required to vision and planning.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical by nature and is done with a functional purpose. In this research, first, it was dealt with a systematic and structural view Review of theoretical literature on urban prosperity then effective indicators and variables were extracted in urban flourishing in five dimensions (Productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, equality and social participation and environmental sustainability), it has been done based on theoretical foundations and using the Delphi method. In the second stage Indicators were analyzed In the MicMac software environment and was scored using the interaction technique (structural analysis method) finally, key factors were extracted in urban prosperity and in the next step leveling in the neighborhoods of Saqez city using the Copras Model. Finally, some suggestions were made.Results and discussion: In this research, 49 indicators of urban prosperity have been measured in 5 dimensions and in Mikomak environment the results indicate,14 key indicators are important; Including creative forces, specialization, life expectancy, unemployment, production, participation, existence of universities, educational services, mortality, industry, mobile services, transportation costs which are known as controlling and influential forces on the open system. The assessment shows this on how to distribute the key factors of urban prosperity in 22 neighborhoods of Saqez city with the Copras Modelm, There has been a huge difference in terms of indicators at the neighborhood level so that neighborhoods 16, 19, 4, 11, 10 were among the neighborhoods with low impact.These neighborhoods are unsuitable neighborhoods in terms of productivity index which are located in the southeast, west and center of the city in these neighborhoods, working conditions have been low due to the greater instability in the dimensions of employment and income, which will be much less depending on the amount of financial support and predict when to get a new job and so on has made more attention. Essential to the mentioned neighborhoods these neighborhoods are unsuitable in terms of infrastructure index and the importance of access is essential to parks and spaces and it can be said that these neighborhoods are in a lower degree in terms of social participation they are located in relation to other neighborhoods. It is necessary to pay attention to these sub-indicators in order to provide prosperity in the area of these neighborhoods, to identify the key issues and problems of these neighborhoods finally, take an appropriate intervention approach. These neighborhoods are at a low level with high population density and incompatible uses and educational services. In these neighborhoods, residents' access to educational centers has faced problems due to the small width of the passages and the instability of the cross section and permeability. The process of proper access to these centers should be on the agenda especially in neighborhoods 16 and 19 and with the support of the public and government sectors and it should be noted that The revitalization process should not lead to the loss of the identity of these neighborhoods. Intervention in these neighborhoods must be maintained structural values and physical properties as well as nature No building materials have been used in these neighborhoods Complies with standards and do not have the necessary retrofitting facilities. This is the instability of buildings and structures a great threat to the lives of the residents of these neighborhoods and increase mortality in the face of natural disasters and it changes the life expectancy of the residents and neighborhoods 22, 21, 9, 2, 20, 1 are in the first ranks in order to achieve the prosperity of Saqez neighborhoods.Conclusion: The result of the research showed that Productivity and quality of life indicators have higher scores and infrastructure, social, and sustainability indicators have the lowest scores among the indicators of urban prosperity which can be a great guide for urban management.

اين رويکرد که شکوفايي شهري نام گرفته است Ahmadi) (١ :٢٠١٦ ,Nakhstinمفهوم شکوفايي به معناي رسيدن به موفقيت ، ثروت ، پيشرفت ، تندرستي يا نيک بختي مطرح شده است (٢٤٧ :٢٠١٧,Arimah) شکوفايي شهري ايجاد احساس امنيت فردي و عمومي اجتماعي و اقتصادي براي حال و آينده شهرها است ، که همراه با تحقق ساير نيازها و آرزوهاي غيرمادي مي باشد(٣ :٢٠١٨ ,Abilla) و مؤلفه هاي شکوفايي شهري، مسأله اي چندوجهي و داراي مراتب و پيچيدگي است . در همين راستا حاضري٦ (١٣٩٧)، در رساله خود با بهره گيري از رويکرد 2 City Prosperity Index 3 (UN-Habitat) 5 Mohtashami 5 Yarzadeh and Shamsolahi 6 Hazari آينده پژوهي و با اتکا بر مدل هاي برنامه ريزي بر پايه سناريوها، درصدد ارائۀ الگوي توسعه شهر شکوفا براي کلان شهر تبريز بوده است ، که ٧٨عامل تأثيرگذار در شکوفايي شهر تبريز، و ارتباط آن ها توسط نرم افزار MICMAC به صورت ساختاري، بررسي و عوامل کليدي شکوفايي تبريز استخراج شده اند. نخستين بار در دهۀ ١٩٣٠ به صورتي ابتدايي، بحث پيرامون آن شکل گرفت و به طور رسمي در سال ٢٠١٢ در برنامه اسکان بشر سازمان ملل متحد در زمان بحران اقتصادي توسط جان کلوس مديراجرايي اسکان بشر ارائه شده است (١٢٩ :٢٠٢٠ ,Hazeri &Ahadnejad ) براساس نظرات اين کميته شکوفايي شهري، چرخي است که در مرکزيت آن ، نهادهاي دولتي، قوانين و مقررات برنامه ريزي شهري قرار دارد و اضلاع و دندانه هاي آن را توليد، زيرساخت ها، پايداري زيست محيطي، کيفيت زندگي ، عدالت و برابري شهري تشکيل مي دهد Mohammadi dehcheshmeh and) (٥ :٢٠٢١ ,Hajipour برپايه تعريف سازمان ملل ، شکوفايي مفهومي گسترده است که در ارتباط با توسعۀ متعادل و هماهنگ در محيطي همراه باانصاف و عدالت مطرح مي شود.