Abstract:
هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر نوآوری باز بر عملکرد توسعه محصول جدید با تاکید بر نقش تعدیلگری ظرفیت جذب دانش در شرکتهای دانش بنیان استان تهران است. پس از مرور ادبیات پژوهش در حوزه نوآوری باز و عملکرد توسعه محصول جدید و ظرفیت جذب دانش، مدل مفهومی و فرضیههای پژوهش تدوین گردید. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر نحوه گردآوری دادهها توصیفی- همبستگی است. برای سنجش ابعاد نوآوری باز و موفقیت توسعه محصول جدید و ظرفیت جذب دانش پرسش نامهای طراحی و توزیع شد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 121 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ مدیران شرکتهای دانشبنیان پارک علم و فناوری دانشگاه تهران ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ 92 ﻧﻔﺮ به ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻰ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. برای تحلیل دادهها از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و مدل ساختاری استفاده شد. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارهای SPSS و Smart PLS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها نشان میدهد که نوآوری باز بر عملکرد توسعه محصول جدید تاثیر معنادار دارد و ظرفیت جذب دانش، رابطه میان نوآوری باز و عملکرد توسعه محصول جدید را تعدیل می کند.
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of open innovation on new product development performance with emphasis on the moderating role of knowledge acquisition capacity in knowledge-based companies in Tehran province. After reviewing the literature on open innovation and new product development performance, the conceptual modeling capacity and research hypotheses were formulated. The present study is of applied purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to measure the dimensions of open innovation and the success of new product development and knowledge acquisition capacity. The community comprised 121 members of the science and technology parks of Tehran University of Science and Technology, who were represented in the sample by 92 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural model were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results of the data analysis show that open innovation has a significant impact on new product development performance and moderates the capacity for knowledge acquisition, the relationship between open innovation and new product development performance Introduction In recent years, the innovation space has evolved, and the process of innovation collaboration has intensified beyond the organizational boundaries. Companies have no choice but to pursue a more open approach to innovation and blend in with open and transparent business models to increase their chances of success in the innovation campaign (Bagheri & Shavardi, 2011). In open innovation, organizations explore the environment for technology and knowledge and are not solely dependent on their own internal research and development (Hashemi, 2014). Open innovation confirms that organizations need to expand their partnerships with external partners in order to ensure their success in new product development, in addition to internal research and development. In fact, collaboration, coordination, and deep relationships between organizations and their partner partners have a positive impact on performance outcomes (Schreiner et al, 2009). Companies with the open innovation process have the opportunity to access specialized knowledge they did not previously possess. Provide newer, higher quality products and services and reduce costs and risks associated with product development by acquiring complementary technology and skills (Kostopoulos et al, 2011). Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. Questionnaires were used to collect the required information and to evaluate the research variables, research hypotheses and research questions. The statistical population of this study was managers of knowledge companies in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University with 121 participants. The sample size was 92 people who were selected through Morgan table and were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Questionnaire questions were designed based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). A 21-item questionnaire was used to measure open innovation. Research findings The results of using Structural Equation Modeling technique showed that in the first hypothesis, the path coefficient between open innovation and new product development performance and the second hypothesis were moderated and confirmed by the capacity moderator role. Discussion and conclusion The results of the analysis show that open innovation has a significant impact on new product development performance and it can be confirmed that knowledge acquisition capacity moderates the relationship between open innovation and new product development performance. The results of this study are consistent with those of Mazzola et al (2012) study, which confirmed the relationship between open innovation functions (including intra-border, cross-border and hybrid functions) and new product development performance.
Machine summary:
با توجه به پژوهش هاي انجام شده هيچ پژوهشي تأثير نوآوري باز بر عملکرد توسعه محصول جديد با نقش تعديل گري ظرفيت جذب دانش را بررسي نکردند؛ بنابراين ، مدل ساختاري ارائه شده در اين پژوهش را ميتوان جنبه نوآوري کار دانست .
در اين فرايند يک شرکت از منابع خارجي نوآوري استفاده مينمايد؛ يعني غني سازي دانش سازمان از طريق بهره گيري از منابع بيروني دانش مرتبط با تأمين کنندگان ، مشتريان ، دانشگاه )٢٠١٤ ,Lohse &Brant (، براي مثال ، به موجب قرارداد ليسانس امتياز استفاده از فنّاوري هاييکه درجايي ديگر شکل گرفته و توسعه يافته ، به دست آورده و آن را با شيوه هاي فني خود درميآميزد؛ به جاي اينکه در پي آن باشد تا فنّاوري مشابه را خود به دست آورد.
جدول ١: ابعاد نوآوري باز ابعاد محقق Gassmann)2006(, Abulrub & Lee)2012(, Van نوآوري باز درون به بيرون de Vrande et al)2009(, نوآوري باز بيرون به درون )٢٠١٤( Lohse &Brant ,)٢٠١٠(Park &Kim Abulrub & Lee )2012( ,(Brant & همکاري با شرکا خارجي Lohse)2014( ظرفيت جذب دانش ظرفيت جذب ٣ شامل توانايي يک شرکت براي شناسايي ارزش اطلاعات جديد و بيروني، جذب و کاربرد آن با هدف تجاري براي قابليت هاي نوآورانه حياتي است ، ميدانند ) & Cohen 1-Cooperation 2-NetFlix 3 knowledge absorptive capacity ١٩٩٠,Levinthal(.
1-Product Development and Management Association جدول ٣: خلاصه اي از پيشينه هاي مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش عنوان پژوهش محقق و سال نتيجه پژوهش نتايج تحليل همبستگي در سازمان هاي مورد مطالعه نشان داد که افزايش موفقيت توسعه تمامي ابعاد نوآوري باز با موفقيت توسعه محصول جديد رابطه مثبت محصول جديد مبتني بر ,.
از طرفي ديگر نتايج تحليل پژوهش فعلي نشان مي دهد که ظرفيت جذب دانش ارتباط بين نوآوري باز و عملکرد توسعه محصول جديد را تعديل مي کند.