چکیده:
در تئوریسازی مربوط به انگیزش زبان دوم، خودهای ممکن و انگیزش یکپارچه بهمثابۀ چارچوبهای مکمل در نظر گرفته میشوند و تحقیقات انگیزشیای که تئوریهای مربوط به
خودها و هویت زبانآموزان را به ارمغان آوردند، بسیار نویدبخش بودهاند Macintyre et al., 2009: 14)). از این رو، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی چهار عامل انگیزشی خودباید، خودآرمان، یکپارچگی و ابزارسازی در میان فارسیآموزان کرهای و چینی میپردازد. بدین منظور، 20 دانشجوی کرهای و چینی، از مرکز آموزش زبان فارسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انتخاب شدند. این فارسیآموزان به پرسشنامهای 36 آیتمی برگرفته از پژوهشهای دورنی (2009) وتاگوچی و همکاران (2009) پاسخ دادند. درنهایت، دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار اس. پی. اس. اس. تحلیل شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد بین خودباید و خودآرمان فارسیآموزان کرهای با چینی تفاوت معنیداری وجود دارد، به گونهای که خودآرمان فارسیآموزان کرهای بیشتر از چینیها و خودباید فارسیآموزان چینی بیشتر از کرهایهاست. علاوه بر این، بین انگیزۀ ابزاری ارتقادهندۀ فارسیآموزان چینی و کرهای تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده شد و این در حالی است که بین
انگیزههای ابزاری بازدارندۀ این دو گروه از فارسیآموزان تفاوت معنیداری وجود نداشت. همچنین، نتایج پژوهش مبنی بر عدم وجود تفاوت معنیدار بین میانگین انگیزۀ یکپارچۀ فارسیآموزان چینی و کرهای است. علاوه بر این، نتایج پژوهش نشان داد بین انگیزۀ یکپارچۀ دانشجویان چینی و کرهای و خودآرمان آنها در یادگیری زبان فارسی، رابطۀ معنیداری وجود ندارد. همچنین، بین خودباید و انگیزۀ ابزاری بازدارندۀ فارسیآموزان کرهای رابطۀ معنیدار معکوسی مشاهده شد، در حالی که بین دانشجویان چینی، بین این دو متغیر، رابطۀ معنیداری مشاهده نشد.
integrative and instrumental motivation as well as Ideal self and Ought-to self on the motivation and success of language learners, the present study has investigated these issues among the learners in Persian language. For this purpose, 20 Korean and Chinese students (10 Chinese and 10 Korean students) were selected from the Persian language teaching center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Thus, the statistical sample of the study consisted of 20 Persian-Chinese students and Korean men and women (8 men and 12 women) who were in the age group of 18 to 30 years and in the academic year 2016-2017.
It is also worth mentioning that these Persian students have reached an advanced stage in this center, from the introductory course of Persian language. The Farsi students responded to a 36-item questionnaire based on the Dornyei Motivational Questionnaire (2010). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. six hypotheses were proposed and we used statistical tests to examine the hypotheses. First, the normality of the research variables was examined and the results showed that these variables have a normal distribution. Therefore, as mentioned, in the next step, we examined the research hypotheses. The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between Ought-to selves of Korean learners and Chinese or Japanese tutors. However, there is no meaningful difference between Ought-to selves of Japanese and Chinese learners. There was a significant difference between Korean, Chinese and Japanese Ideal selves. In addition, there was no significant difference between the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese learners’ promotional instrumental motivations. While there was a significant difference between preventive instrumental motivation of Japanese learners and Chinese or Korean ones. And there was no significant difference between Chinese and Korean. The results of the research suggest that there is a significant difference between integrative motivation of the Chinese, Korean and Japanese learners. There was no meaningful relationship between integrative motivation of Chinese, Korean and Japanese students and their Ideal selves. There was a significant negative correlation between ought-to self and preventive instrumental motivating of Korean students, while there was no significant relationship between these two variables in Japanese and Chinese students.
In addition, a comparison of the meanings of all four motivational factors in these two groups of Persian-learners showed that, in general, in these two groups of Persian-learners, the Preventing Instrumental motivation was with the highest average, and the Ought-to self motivation has the lowest average. Also, the comparison between the motivational factors of Ideal self and Ought-to self indicates that in these two groups of Persian-learners, the Ideal self factor is stronger than Ought-to self. Comparison between the motivational factors of integration and instrumentation also showed that the Preventing motivational factor is stronger than the integrative factor and the integrative factor is stronger than the promotional instrumental factor.
Finally, it should be noted that the present study focuses only on Chinese and Korean Persian learners; for this reason, it is suggested that in future studies, Persian learners of other languages be examined. In addition, it is suggested that other motivational factors related to second language learning regarding non-Iranian learners of Persian, be examined separately and compared with each other. In this case, how to teach and use educational resources can be planned according to the type of related motivation.