چکیده:
ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺎص ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﻣﺮگ و ﺛﻮاب وﻋﻘﺎب ﺑﻌﺪاز ﻣﺮگ دارد ازﻧﻈﺮ وی ﻣﺮگ ﯾﮏ اﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ وﺣﺘﻤﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻧﻔﺲ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺮ اﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺮای ﭼﯿﺰی ﺧﯿﺮو ﮐﻤﺎل و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯿﺖ آن اﺳﺖ وﻓﺴﺎد، ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ و ﻫﻼﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺪن ﻋﺎرض ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﯾﮏ اﻣﺮ ﺗﺒﻌﯽ و ﻋﺮﺿﯽ اﺳﺖ. دراﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺮگ، ﻋﺎرض ﺑﺮاوﺻﺎف اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ذوات. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا، ﺑﻬﺸﺖ و ﺟﻬﻨﻢ و ﻟﺬت وﯾﺎ ﻋﺬاب آن، ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﻻزﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ورﻓﺘﺎر دﻧﯿﻮی اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﺻﻔﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ در دﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﺮﮐﺴﯽ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد درروز ﻗﯿﺎﻣﺖ، ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ آن ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺤﺸﻮرﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯿﮑﻪ در اﯾﻦ دﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﮑﻤﺎل رﺳﯿﺪه اﻧﺪوﺑﺎ ﺣﻘﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺎق ﻣﺮﮔﻨﺪ. ﺑﺪن ﻣﺤﺸﻮر در آﺧﺮت از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺻﻮرت، ﻋﯿﻦ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺪن دﻧﯿﻮی اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎت درﻋﺎﻟﻢ دﻧﯿﺎ، ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮد ﻣﺠﺮد روﺣﺎﻧﯽ در ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻣﺮ وﺟﻮددارد ﮐﻪ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ آن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد دروﺟﻮد ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد دﻫﻨﺪه ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻮن دردﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﻣﻌﺎد ﻫﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻢ روﺣﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺛﻮاب و ﻋﻘﺎب ﻫﻢ روﺣﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻢ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ودر روز رﺳﺘﺎﺧﯿﺰ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻋﯿﻨﻪ ﭼﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﻔﺲ وﭼﻪ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﺪن، دوﺑﺎره ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺧﯿﺰد. ﻋﺎﻟﻢ دﻧﯿﺎ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺴﺐ اﺳﺖ واﻧﺴﺎن از ﻗﺪرت اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردارﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼف ﻋﺎﻟﻢ آﺧﺮت ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل، اﻧﻘﻼب و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮدرآﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﺪارد. ﺳﻨﺦ وﺟﻮد در ﻋﺎﻟﻢ آﺧﺮت ﻏﯿﺮ از ﻋﺎﻟﻢ دﻧﯿﺎﺳﺖ و دﻧﯿﺎ و آﺧﺮت درﺟﻮﻫﺮ و ذات ﻣﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ اﻧﺪ. درﺑﯿﻨﺶ ﺻﺪراﺋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺘﮑﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﺬاب ﺟﺎوداﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ.
Mulla sadra , has certain explanation about death , reward and adversity after death, based on his own philosophical. his view was that the death is a very natural and unavoidable thing for soul. And every natural thing is righteous and The perfection and entirety for that thing. the corruption, decay and destruction caused by the death of the body, are indicated and accidental matter. In this view, the death is related to descriptions rather than person. In view of Mulla sadra, heaven and the hell, it's joy or punishment, all of them are essential to worldly human's performance and his behavior. Each trait that is overcome to others in the world, on the day of resurrection, it's owner will be mingled in an appropriate way of that behavior. Persons who have reached the truth and united by intellectual reality, are eager to death. And their associated body has same form of worldly body. There is a single spiritual body in the world for each type of physicality’s in the omniscient. Whatever a person is subtler than to his spirituality, he will be become closer than to real spirit in view of Mulla sadra. So the reward and adversity are spiritual and physical too. And the person will rise both spirituality and physically again in the day of resurrection. This world is the place of achievement and a human has an authority (choice ability) , and it's opposite of hereafter where it isn't place of achievement and something like shame, radical changes have no mean there. The category of spirituality in hereafter is separate of this world. This world and hereafter are distinct in their nature. In the sights of Mulla sadra, the punishment is not eternal, so this view is opposite of views of other speakers.