چکیده:
زرّینقبانامه یکی از بلندترین منظومههای حماسی پس از شاهنامه است. نویسنده در این اثر به ذکر دلاوریها و جنگهای زرّینقبا، رستم و خاندان رستم در زمان پادشاهی کیخسرو و عهد نبوت سلیمان نبی (ع) و نبرد آنان با انیرانیان میپردازد. شاعر منظومة حماسی ـ عامیانة زرّینقبانامه، ناشناس و زمان سرایش آن نامعلوم است؛ ولی مصحّح آن برپایة شواهدی که به دست میدهد، زرّینقبانامه را به عهد صفویه مربوط میداند. یکی از مهمترین ویژگیهای سبکشناسیِ منظومۀ زرّینقبانامه که در ذیلِ ویژگیهای زبانی این اثر قرار دارد، کاربرد «حروف اضافه» در معانی و کارکردهای کمسابقه و بدیع است؛ بهگونهایکه شاید بتوان زرّینقبانامه را ازلحاظ تنوع و نوآوریهای استفاده از حروف اضافه، یکی از منظومههای یگانه و منحصربهفرد در بین متون ادب پارسی دانست. در منظومۀ زرّینقبانامه، برخی از حروف اضافه مانند «از»، «به» و «در»، در معانی نادر یا بدیع به کار رفته است؛ حتی در این منظومه، حروف اضافه نقشهایی دیگرگون و گاهی نادر در نحوِ جمله دارد؛ از آن جمله است: کاربرد دو حرفِ اضافة پیاپی برای یک متمم؛ استفادة بدیع از حروف اضافه در ابتدایِ برخی افعال مرکب؛ آوردنِ حرف اضافه پیش از مفعول.
Abstract Zarrinqaba-nameh is one of the longest epic poems after the Shah-nameh, which has mentioned the heroism and wars of Zarrinqaba (the granddaughter of Rostam), Rostam, and his family during the kingdom of Kay-khosrow and prophecy of Solomon's prophethood. The poet and the time of its composition are unknown, but its corrector has considered it to be related to the Safavid Era (10th century AH) based on evidence. One of the most important stylistic features of Zarringaba-nameh is the use of "prepositions" in new and unique meanings and functions, which underlie its linguistic features. Thus, Zarrinqaba-nameh could be considered a unique and unrivaled work among the texts of Persian literature from this perspective. Some prepositions, such as "from", "in", and "to", in Zarinqaba-nameh not only have been used in their unique meanings, but also have shown different roles in the syntax, e.g., two prepositions coming together for a complement, novel and unusual prepositions in simple and compound prefix verbs, and prepositions coming before an object. Introduction Prepositions are grammatical morphemes used to indicate grammatical relations or semantic functions. They usually attribute a word or group of words to a verb, comparative adjective, or a plural noun, making them as dependent complements. In other words, they determine the relation of a word to a verb. In addition to making a word or a group of words dependent on a verb, prepositions form a noun, adjective, or a compound adverb. In such cases, they serve as a prefix. They have been used in ancient Persian and later, in the Middle Persian literature. After being changed in meaning and structure, prepositions have been used in Dari Persian and are now utilized in standard Persian language with their own structures. According to the author's point of view, Zarrinqaba-nameh is a unique work in Persian literature for presenting the various meanings and functions of prepositions, the extractions and analyses of which can enrich the concepts and functions of prepositions in the historical grammar of Persian language. Materials & Methods Among words of multiple meanings, prepositions have a wide range of meanings. Facing unique meanings and functions of prepositions in Zarrinqba-nameh, some of which were unprecedented in Persian literary texts, we tried to extract and study them in the present study through a descriptive-analytical (library) method. Results In Zarrinqaba-nameh, the following unique meanings of prepositions were found: New and unique meanings of "from", which sometimes meant "towards" and sometimes "on" (in the sense of place). Unique meaning of "in", which meant "from" (in the sense of place). New and unique meanings of "in", which sometimes meant "from" (in the sense of place) and sometimes "from". Also, some novel functions of prepositions in the syntax were observed: Using novel and unusual prepositions in simple and compound prefix verbs, including:«در نشستن» instead of «برنشستن»;«سردراوردن» instead of «سربراوردن»; «سردرکشیدن» instead of «سر برکشیدن» ; and «زجا اوردن» instead of «به جا اوردن». Using two prepositions together for a complement like »on to« and »from from«, which were related to the historical grammar, stylistics, and history of Persian language in many books and articles. Bringing a preposition before an object, which was rare in the historical grammar of Persian language. Conclusion In terms of novel meaning and use of prepositions, Zarrinqaba-nameh is one of the unique texts in Persian literature which has been neglected by scholars in the field of language. In this book, some prepositions, such as "from", "in", and "to" are used in rare or new meanings. We found innovation in the use of prepositions in the sentences as follows: Using unusual prepositions in phrasal verbs Using two prepositions together for a complement Bringing a preposition before an object Since the story of Zarrinqaba-nameh was taken from the popular narrations of the Shah-nameh and narrating scrolls, it seems that the poet has been influenced by scrolls for using the different meanings of prepositions with different functions in the syntax. For example, in the oldest narrating scroll of the Shah-nameh written close to the time of Zarrinqaba-nameh, some of the morphological and syntactic features of the prepositions mentioned in Zarrinqaba-nameh, such as those with various meanings or those coming before an object, could be seen as well. It should be mentioned that the poet of Zarringaba-nameh was an stylist although he had been influenced by ancient Persian texts, as well as the narrating scrolls, in the use of different prepositions. Hence, Zarrinqaba-nameh could be considered as a unique work.
خلاصه ماشینی:
١ـ١ پيشينۀ پژوهش آثار زير ازجمله منابعي است که براي پيشينۀ اين پـژوهش مـيتـوان بـه آنهـا اشـاره کـرد و نگارنـده در بررسـي کارکردها و معاني گوناگون حروف اضافه از آنها بهره برده است : دسـتور زبـان فارسـي از ناتـل خـانلري (١٣٥٩)؛ دستور زبان فارسي از حسن انوري و حسن احمدي گيوي (١٣٨٠)؛ دسـتور تـاريخي زبـان فارسـي از فرشـيدورد (١٣٨٧)؛ حرف اضافه و حرف ربط از خليل خطيب رهبر (١٣٦٧) و «دو حـرف اضـافۀ پيـاپي (يـک ويژگـي نـادر دستوري در شاهنامه و چند متن ديگر)» از سجاد آيدنلو (١٣٩٧).
خطيب رهبر، ١٣٦٧: ٨٤)؛ نمونه : گرچـــه يـــاران فـــارغ انـــد از يـــاد مـــن از مـــن ايشـــان را هـــزاران يـــاد بـــاد (حافظ ، ١٣٨٢: ٨١) ولي «از»، به معناي «به طرف » و «به جانب »، کارکردي نو و بديع در زرين قبانامه اسـت کـه در محـدودة تحقيقـات نگارنده ، در متون پارسي و کتاب هاي دستور زبان ، نادر و يگانه است و ميتوان ايـن معنـاي بـديع را بـه گنجينـۀ معنايي حرف اضافۀ «از» در متون دستور زبان فارسي اضافه کرد: بخنديــــد آن گ رد يــــاقوت پــــوش کــزين گونــه مخــروش و بــا مــن مجــوش کنــــي پــــاره پــــاره اگــــر پيکــــرم کـــه مـــن بـــر رخ زشـــت تـــو ننگـــرم بـــراقيس جـــادو چـــو آن حـــال ديـــد بـــه بنـــد فســـونش بـــه بنـــد آوريـــد شـــب و روز بـــا او ب دي لابـــه گـــر نپـــــذرفت گفـــــتش يـــــل نـــــامور بــــراقيس جــــادو شــــد از وي غمــــين ببــــردش ز لشــــگرگه شــــاه چــــين بــه کــوهي کــه ب د سرکشــيده بــه مــاه در آن کــــوه ب د ژرف غــــاري ســــياه (زرين قبانامه ، ١٣٩٣: ٤٥٩) توضيح : برپايۀ داستان ، در نبرد هفت لشکر، براقيس جادو که مادر نهنگ دژم و همسر ارژنگ ديو مازندراني است ، در ميدان نبرد، عاشق گرد ياقوت پوش ميشود و او را از ميدان نبرد (که خاقان چين و لشکرش هم نظاره گر آن نبردند) به لشکر خود (يعني لشکر مازندران ) ميبرد: گــــــرفتش کمربنــــــد، جــــــادونژاد ببـــردش ســـوي لشـــکر خـــويش شـــاد پس در بيت شاهد مثال ، «ز» نميتواند به معناي خودش به کار رفته باشد؛ زيرا هنگامي که براقيس جادو از کام گيري از گرد ياقوت پوش نااميد ميشود، او را از لشکر خودش (لشکر مازندران )، نه از لشکر چين ، به غاري در دل کوه ميبرد.