خلاصة:
ﻧﻮﺳﺎنﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ در ﺑﺎزار ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣﺮغو ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮﺳﺎنﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺑـﺮایﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه، ﻣﺼﺮفﻛﻨﻨﺪه و دوﻟﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺳﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد در ﻃﺮف ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿـﺎیﺑﺎزار ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﻧﻬﺎدهﻫﺎی آن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲدﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ: اﻳـﺮان ﺑـﺎ 5/1 درﺻـﺪ و ﻳـﻚدرﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮغ )3/67 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﺗﻦ( و ﺗﺨﻢﻣـﺮغ )3/16 ﻣﻴﻠﻴـﻮن ﺗـﻦ( در ﺟﺎﻳﮕـﺎه 81 و 71 درﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻗﺮار دارد. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ روﻧﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖداﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣﺮغ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺮخ ارز آزاد ﻃـﻲ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎی0731-3831 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 8731 ﻗﻴﻤﺖ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و از اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻗﻴﻤﺖ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳـﻦ در ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ در ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺨـﻢﻣـﺮغ ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ داﺧﻠـﻲﻫﻤﻮاره ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﻫﻤـﻴﻦﻃـﻮر، ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻗﻴﻤـﺖﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﺧـﺮدهﻓﺮوﺷـﻲ ﮔﻮﺷـﺖﻣـﺮغ وﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ در دوره 48-0831 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺤﺼﻮل روﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در واﻗﻊ، ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦرﺷﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎی آﻏﺎزﻳﻦ ﺳﺎل )ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر( اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از آن در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﺌـﻲاﺳﺖ. در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ دوﺑﺎره ﺳﻴﺮ ﺻﻌﻮدی رﺷﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎ آﻏﺎز و در ﺳـﻪ ﻣﺎﻫـﻪ زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن ﻗﻴﻤـﺖﺧـﺮدهﻓﺮوﺷـﻲﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ رﺷﺪ را دارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎنﻫﺎی ﻗﻴﻤﺖ، ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻻی ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺑﻮدن________________________________________________________________1- اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان" ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزی )ﻣﻮرد ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣﺮغ و ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ( وﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﻠﻮب در ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺎزار آن" اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎتو ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.hosseini.mir2010@gmail.com * - )ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل(ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 4/6/88 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 72/1/88ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ دان ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣـﺮغ و واﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﻃﻴـﻮر ﺑـﻪ واردات ﻧﻬـﺎدهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺺ دان و ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊﻓﺮاﻫﻢﺷﺪن آن، ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﻏﺪاری ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﻧﺴـﺒﺖﻫـﺎی ﺗﻤﺮﻛـﺰ درﺑﺎزار ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ 1 ، 4 ، 8 و 61 ﺑﻨﮕـﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺨـﻢﻣـﺮغ در ﺳـﺎل 4831 ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ.49/1 ، 85/6 ، 868/01 و 50/71 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ رﻗـﺎﺑﺘﻲ اﺳـﺖ.ﻧﺴﺒﺖﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ از 2/3 درﺻﺪ در ﺳﺎل 5731 ﺑﻪ 49/1 درﺻـﺪ در ﺳـﺎل 5831 ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ0/003 ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺮﻓﻴﻨﺪال در ﺑﺎزار ﺗﺨـﻢﻣـﺮغ در ﺳـﺎل 5731 ﺣـﺪود 500/0 ﺑـﻮد ﻛـﻪ در ﺳـﺎل 4831 ﺑـﻪﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﮔﻮﻳﺎی آن اﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲﺗـﺮ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻟﺮﻧـﺮ در ﺑـﺎزار داﺧﻠـﻲﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣﺮغ و ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزار ﺻﺎدراﺗﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ در دوره 38-9731 ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ از60/0 و 31/0 ﺑﻪ 34/0 و 73/0 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ درﺟﻪ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ در ﺑﺎزار ﺻـﺎدراﺗﻲ ﮔﻮﺷـﺖﻣـﺮغ و.ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ اﺳﺖ
Wide fluctuations of the prices of chicken and egg along with the containment of these fluctuations always matter to producers، consumers and government. These fluctuations are affected by various factors on the supply and demand sides of the product and its inputs. The results of this research are as follows: Contributing 1.5 and 1 per cent to the world production of chicken (76.3 million tons) and egg (61.3 million tons) respectively، Iran is of eighteenth and seventeenth ranks in the world. By comparing domestic and foreign prices of chicken on a floating exchange rate basis during 1991-2005، it is found that the domestic price has been always lower than world price by 1999 but higher afterwards. However، the domestic price of egg has been always lower than its world price. A review of the monthly retail prices of chicken and egg during 1370-84 also suggests that both products have followed a similar price trend. In fact، prices have the highest growth in spring with a slow increase in summer، resurgence in autumn and the lowest growth in winter. In addition to price fluctuations، the most important challenges to Iran's poultry farming are high production costs، long period of production، feed-to-chicken coefficient، and dependence of the poultry farming on input importation، especially feed. According to our findings، in the egg market، 1، 4، 8 and 16 enterprise concentration ratios have been respectively 1.94، 6.58، 10.868 and 17.05 per cent in 1384. Therefore، the market structure of egg production has been competitive. One-enterprise concentration ratio has reduced from 3.2 per cent in 1375 to 1.94 per cent in 1385. Herfindahl index of egg market was about 0.005 in 1375 but reduced to 0.003 in 1384، implying an increased competition in market structure. During 1379-83، Lerner indices of domestic markets of chicken and egg، in comparison with their export markets، have increased from 0.06 and 0.13 to 0.43 and 0.37 respectively، reflecting an increased competition in export market structures of chicken and egg.
ملخص الجهاز:
"ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ اﺳﺖ واژهﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﻴﺪی: ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار، اﻧﺤﺼﺎر، رﻗﺎﺑﺖ، ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ، ﻣﺮغ و ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮغ، اﻳﺮان L11, L13, L16 , L22 :JEL ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی An Assessment of Monopoly, Competition and Concentration in Iran's Market of Chicken and Egg Hosseini, Mir Abdollah & Permeh, Zorar Faculty members of Institute for Trade Studies & Research Abstract Wide fluctuations of the prices of chicken and egg along with the containment of these fluctuations always matter to producers, consumers and government.
ﺟﺪول 8- ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻟﺮﻧﺮ ﺑﺮای ﮔﻮﺷﺖﻣﺮغ و ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮغ در ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺻﺎدراﺗﻲ در دوره 38-9731 ﺳﻬﻢ ﺻﺎدرات ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻟﺮﻧﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻓﺮوﺷﻲ ارزش واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎل ﺷﺮح از ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺮخ ارز آزاد( داﺧﻠﻲ )رﻳﺎل( ﺻﺎدرات اﻳﺮان)دﻻر( 60/0 9731 ۵۵/۱ ۹۸۷۰۱ ۵۲/۱ 92/0 0831 ۷۷/۱ ۲۷۹۷۱ ۹۹/۰ 43/0 1831 ۱۵/۱ ۵۷۱۳۱ ۱/۱ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ 12/0 2831 ۶۲/۱ ۸۱۳۳۱ ۳۳/۱ 34/0 3831 ۱۱/۱ ۰۰۳۴۱ ۹۹/۰ 95/0 9731 ۷ 31/0 4444 94/0 0831 ۴۹/۴ 21/0 2884 45/0 1831 ۳۸/۲ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ 71/0 9645 75/0 2831 ۸/۵ 73/0 3037 65/0 3831 ۲/۱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ: ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻟﺮﻧﺮ از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﺻﺎدراﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ.
H. , (2002), Measuring the effects of government intervention in pricing livestock products: a case study of chicken meat in Iran, Agricultural Economics and Development, Scientific & Research )Quarterly Journal Institute, Vol. 10, No. 1 (37), Spring."