خلاصة:
an have always had to confront the crisis of shortage in resources in the history. Therefore civilizations and societies were searching for ways through which they could gain the utomost output. One of the determining factors in developing countries is the increase in efficiency and productivity in various social and economical aspects. In this study we try to investigate and measure the productivity changes in food industry via data envelopment analyses (DEA) and Malmquist index. We have used 27 provinces of Iran, during 1992 to 2001. The average productivity in the period is as following: 1.41, 1.01, 1.25, 0.81, 1.43, 1.21, 1.1, 1.1, and 1.37. Therefore except one year, the productinsty’s trend is up warding.owadays, Growth and value stocks are the important subjects in capital markets. First, these two stocks based on different variables such as estimation of their amount of risks and returns, circumstances of obtaining returns at different periods in up and down market conditions were realized in Tehran Stock Exchange. Then Growth stock with Value Stock was compared through variables such as firm size, return and risk premium. In this study, the data was collected from 123 listed companies during years 2001 to 2008. The results show that firm size is not suitable to realize growth and value stock from each other. Also an investor by purchasing the growth stock obtains the risk premium more than value stock in up market and growth stocks returns are greater than value stock returns in Tehran stock exchange.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Productivity Changes of Food Processing Industries in Provinces of Iran; 1992-2001 a Non-Parametric Malmquist Approach Farhad Rahbar Reza Memarian 1 Abstract M Keywords: Researcher, Tehran, Iran.
In the present study, Malmquist index and data envelopment analysis (DEA) method are used to calculate productivity in food processing industries.
's (1994) definition of productivity, we specify the Malmquist total factor productivity change (TFPCH) index, M, simply as the product of efficiency change (EFFCH), which is how much closer a firm gets to the efficient frontier (catching-up effect or falling behind), and technological change (TECHCH), which is how much the benchmark production frontier shifts at each firm's observed input mix (technical innovation or shock): TFPCH (M) index can attain a value greater than, equal to, or less than unity depending on whether the firm experiences productivity growth, stagnation or productivity decline, respectively, between periods t and t + 1.
3- Data In this study, the statistics from food processing industries in 27 provinces in Iran 1 were used to calculate the total productivity.
4- Empirical results Table 1 displays the calculated productivity changes in food processing industries of all provinces of Iran over the period 1992-2001, as represented by the Malmquist output-based productivity.
5- Summary and Conclusion In this study, a Malmquist non-parametric approach was used to measure total factor productivity for the food processing industries in 27 provinces of Iran over the 1992-2001 period.
The Malmquist productivity index can be fully decomposed into technical change, efficiency and scale change, so that we could have insight into the factor, which had contributed to the productivity growth."