خلاصة:
This paper compares and contrasts Russian policy towards Iran in the early years of 20th century which led to the Anglo-Russia convention of 1907 with the Soviet Union’s policy towards Iran during Iran-Iraq war in 1980s. It will explain Russia's involvement in the Great Game with British Empire in regard to expansion of its sphere of influences in Persia. With this in mind, this paper will address both internal and external factors in this period which turned Russia and Britain's competition into an alliance – the Anglo-Russia entente. The Soviet policy towards Iran will also be discussed from the time of the overthrown of the Shah’s regime and the establishment of the Islamic Republic up to mid-1987 when the Iran –Iraq war ended. Based on this study, we will conclude that the Russian/Soviet policy towards Iran was constant and the spirit of expansionism lied at the very nature of their foreign policy. They were aggressive when they were a hegemonic power in the region and they compromised with rivals when they were weak.
ملخص الجهاز:
B. Tauris, 2012); Firuz Kazenzadeh, Russia and Britain in Persia: A Study in Imperialism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968); George Lenczowski, Russia and the West in Iran, 1918-1948: A Study in Big Power Rivalry (New York: Cornell University Press, 1949); David McLean, Britain and Her Buffer State: The Collapse of the Persian Empire, 1890-1914 (London, Royal Historical Society, 1979); Ahinad Ishtiag, Anglo-Iranian Relations: 1905-1919 (New York: Asia Publishing House, 1974); Manshou Gorgani, M.
C. Hurewitz, Soviet-American Rivalry in the Middle East (New York: The Academy of Political Science, 1969); Mark V.
1-90; John Spanier, Games Nations Play: Analyzing International Politics (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972); Joseph Frankel, International Relations in a Changing World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979); Keith R.
Keddie, Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi’ism from Quietism to Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983); and Edward Mortinier, Faith as Power: The Politics of Islam (New York: Vintage Books, 1982), pp.
Freedman, Soviet Policy Toward the Middle East Since 1970 (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1987), pp.
Freedman, Soviet Policy Toward the Middle East Since 1970 (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1987), pp.
227-245; Hafeez Malik, Soviet-American Relations with Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987), pp.
, 1980); and Aryeh Yodfat, Tb Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984), pp.