خلاصة:
The aim of the present article was to study the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the defense styles (mature, immature, and neurotic) in asthmatics, alexithymics and normal subjects.Method: 216 asthmatic, alexithymic and normal subjects were selected and they completed Young Schema Questionnaire (short form), Defense Style Questionnaire and the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, MANOVA and multiple regressions analysis were used to analyze the research data.Results: Results indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) in all domains of early maladaptive schemas, except other-directedness between the mean scores of the groups of normal subjects and asthmatic patients as well as alexithymic patients. In mature and neurotic defense style, there was not a significant difference between the mean scores of the three groups, while the immature defense style scores of normal subjects and patients with asthma weresignificantly different (P<0.05) from those of alexithymic.Conclusion: Alexithymia is equivalent to difficulty in self-regulation. When emotional information could not be perceived and evaluated through cognitive processing, it results in the individual's emotional and cognitive confusion. This inability increases the possibility of the immature and neurotic defense styles in stressful situations.
ملخص الجهاز:
<H1>Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Defense Styles in Asthmatic, Alexithymic and Normal Subjects</H1> Dr. Farideh Ameri1, Banafsheh Bayat*2, Dr. Zohreh Khosravi3 1 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran, Email address: F_ameri03@yahoo.
com A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Objective: The aim of the present article was to study the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the defense styles (mature, immature, and neurotic) in asthmatics, alexithymics and normal subjects.
Method: 216 asthmatic, alexithymic and normal subjects were selected and they completed Young Schema Questionnaire (short form), Defense Style Questionnaire and the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
Thus, the main purpose of the present study is to compare the early maladaptive schemas (isolation and alienation, selfishness and dysfunctional activity, dysfunctional limitations, other orientations and over-sensitivity and prevention) and defense styles (mature, immature and neurotic) in the asthmatic and alexithymic and normal individuals.
The YSQ-SF was designed to assess 5 items, namely: disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over vigilance/ inhibition domain schemas (Baranoff, Oei, Cho, &amp; Kwon, 2006).
This failure increases the probability of immature and neurotic defense styles and dysfunctional schemas in stressful situations (Zahradnik, &amp; et al.
Hence, secondary alexithymia as a defensive mechanism for dealing with these factors can lead to physical illnesses including psychological factors (Ismaili, Mahmoud Aliloo, Bakhshi Pour Roodsary, &amp; Sharifi, 2009).