خلاصة:
511 commercial emails from four Asian countries, namely China, Pakistan, India, and Iran have been analyzed in a mixed-method design. The focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. In the quantitative analysis, the model proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987) and that of Coulmas (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and the length of letters as the indicators of politeness are used. In the qualitative and descriptive analysis formality in salutation and opening clause as well as the use of abbreviated forms are taken into account. The result shows that Iranians use the most polite style in their business letters, while Chinese use the most intimate discourse. On the other hand, Indians use both the least polite and intimate style in their business letters. Pakistanis’ use of polite and intimate style is not as conspicuous as that of Iranians and Chinese respectively. The findings are hoped to help better inter-cultural understanding, especially with respect to written rhetorical characteristics.
511 ایمیل تجاری از چهار کشور آسیایی چین» پاکستان» هند و ایران در یک بررسی کمیکیفی مورد
تحلیل قرار گرفته اند. مطالعه بر روی دو ویژگی مودب بودن و صمیمیت انجام شده است.. در
بررسیکمی» مدل براون و لوینسن (۱۹۸۷) و بکۇلماس (۲۰۰۵) که غیر مستقیم بودن در درخواست و
طول نامه را مبنای مودب بودن میدانند استفاده شده:انک. در پررسیکیفی و توصیفی نیز میزان رسمیت
در سلام و احوالپرسی و جمله آغازین نامه او همینطور استفاده از اختصارات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته
شده اند. نتایج نشان میدهد که ایرائیها مودبترین و چینیها صمیمی ترین گفتمان را سبک نامه
نگاری داشته اند. از دی ماکز ین مان موڈل بودن وتصمیمیت را در نامههای خود
نشان داده اند. همین طور میزان مودب بودن و صمیمیت در نامه نگاری تجاری پاکستانی ها به ترتیب از
ایرانی ها و چینی ها کمتر بود. یافتههای این تحقیق میتواند به درک بهتر ارتباطات بین فرهنگی و مخصوصا ویژگی های نوشتاری کمک کند.
ملخص الجهاز:
79 08 Contrastive Rhetoric: Investigating Politeness and Intimacy in Business Email Communications in Four Asian Countries Seyed Iman Mousavil, Reza Ghafar Samar2 Received: 2011 /5/ 1 Accepted: 2011/7/5 Abstract 511 commercial emails from four Asian countries, namely China, Pakistan, India, and Iran have been analyzed in a mixed-method design.
In this paper, with a mixed design, the researchers have focused on the question of intercultural politeness and intimacy in business email communication of four Asian countries, namely Iran, China, Pakistan, and India.
The work is trying to address the following research questions: Is there any difference among politeness strategies used by the four countries of Iran, China, Pakistan, and India?
As one clear example, in his study, Waldvogel (2007) investigated greetings and closings as distinctive stylistic features of business email, in terms of the relationships that exist between their form and use, the workplace or organizational culture, and the sociolinguistic variables of status, social distance, and gender of interlocutors.
Phase IV The final analysis was done on the types and number of salutations in the letters of the four countries, since, based on Coulmas (2005), the use of address terms shows the degree of informality and intimacy.
Results The result of the first phase of the analyses, as Based on this classification, the emails can be graphically represented in pie charts as follows: Chinese' use of intimate salutation clauses 15% D Scorel ■ Score 2 11111 66% O Score 3 Iranians' use of intimate salutation clauses 18% ■ Score 2 13 Score I 82% 91 reported in the table III and the graph I, indicates that Iranian people used the most polite style in their business letter writing.