خلاصة:
Mosque as the house of God has always been significant to rulers, people and Muslim artists. It is one of the most ancient architectural subjects. Varamin1Jami mosque from Ilkhanid2 era is one of the masterpieces of Iranian-Islamic architecture. It was one of the first projects which started the glorious era of renovation after the dark times of the Mongols3 invasion. Perfect stucco ornaments in mihrab4, inlaid mosaic in the iwans5 and beautifully done inscriptions with Kufic6 and Thuluth7 calligraphy in different parts of it, not only have created an admirable visual beauty but also have contributed to the spatial quality of the mosque. They deeply affect worshipers and make them concentrate and think of God only and ignore earthlymatters. This research tries to investigate the quantitative and qualitative aspects of these ornamentations and tries to find out how these ornaments affect the qualitative beauty of the space inside the mosque. The research methodology is qualitative and correlational with field study. Well decided choices on the ornaments of different parts of the mosque, the effects of Shia8, noticing some of the rules of beauty such as symmetry, repetition, massing and other areas are some of the results of this research.
ملخص الجهاز:
Effects of Varamin Jami Mosque’s Ornamentations on the Spatial Qualities 1Mohammad Naghizadeh ,2*Sheida Khansari 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Perfect stucco ornaments in mihrab4, inlaid mosaic in the iwans5 and beautifully done inscriptions with Kufic6 and Thuluth7 calligraphy in different parts of it, not only have created an admirable visual beauty but also have contributed to the spatial quality of the mosque.
3: Break work cover on the structure in the dome chamber Fig. 4: Knot work with the combination of breaks and mosaic on the main entrance / Fig. 5: Northern entrance (Source: Haji Qasemi, 2004) Fig. 6: Calligraphy and geometric patterns on the entrance arch Table 1: Ornaments of the Northern Gateway Tile work Stucco Break work Subject Scale-color-style Sample Flora and vegetal motifs Light and dark blue - - Arabesque for emphasizing the inscription - clear - blue Geometric patterns Combination of break and mosaic Combination - of break and mosaic Repetition of the knot work as medallion etc.
- Light and dark blue - large and small scale Calligraphy incription over the entrance with a frame with geometric patterns - - inscription over the arch enclosed with arabesque construction date impossible to read because of erosion - Thluth calligraphy in large scale and blue - Kufic calligraphy in large scale and blue (Fig. 7) most of the ornaments are monochrome break work done in different depths (hasht o gir)35 with beautiful eight sided stars and cross shape patterns (Fig. 8) with the names Mohammad36, Ali and Allah repeated in simple calligraphy.