نقدهای ماندگار؛ دویدن تا سرحد التهاب: (نقد سه کتاب جان کریستوفر) مقدمة ومراجعة

<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt line-height: normal direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقدی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بخش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">تقدیم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">شما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">می</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">شود</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">شماره</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> 6 </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">مجله</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.5pt font-family: BNazanin">سروش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11.5pt font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.5pt font-family: BNazanin">نوجوان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11.5pt font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> 1367</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">نقل</span></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">می</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">شود. نویسنده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقد محسن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سلیمانی است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بیش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقد،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">حوزه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ترجمه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">متون</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نظری</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">آموزش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">فعالیت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">داشته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">گرچه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بیشتر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقدهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">محسن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سلیمانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">حوزه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ادبیات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بزرگسال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">برخلاف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">برادرش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سلیمانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">عمده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقدهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">او</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">حوزه </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ادبیات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نوجوان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span>). </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">اما</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">او</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">یکی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقدهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ماندگار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">خواندنی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ادبیات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">کودک </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بدل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">شد؛</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقدی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">آن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سلیمانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بررسی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">مجموعه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">مهم</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ماندگار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">ادبیات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نوجوان </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">جهان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">پرداخته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">مجموعه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">را</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">کانون</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">پرورش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">فکری</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">کودکان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> 1359 </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">منتشر </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">کرده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بود</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سلیمانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">هشت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">سال</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">بعد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">نقد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">آن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">پرداخته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: BNazanin">است</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr" style="font-family: BNazanin"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></p>

به همین دلیل در شیوة روایت اول شخص، خواننده میداند که ممکن است قهرمان در تندباد حوادث، کفش و کلاهش را از دست بدهد، اما مطمئنا زنده خواهد ماند و نهایتا سربلند و پیروز از طوفان بلایا خواهد رست و باز عیب دیگر اغلب داستانهایی که سعی دارند صرفا با نشان دادن کیک خوشمزة کنجکاوی، دهان خوانندۀ نوجوان را آب بیندازند و به دنبال خود به انتهای کوچهی داستان بکشانند، این است که وقتی خواننده سر از تهوتوی قضایا درمیآورد، تازه میفهمد که کوچه بنبست است، کیکی هم در کار نیست و موضوع آنقدرها هم که فکر میکرده، جدی نبوده و بیخود از شدت هیجان در آستانة منفجر شدن بوده است. پس از آنکه این موجودات آسمانی، از طریق ضبط امواج تلویزیونی و رادیویی، در احوال زمینیها مداقه میکنند، درمییابند که انسان «دشمنی است بسیار سهمگین و قوی؛۲ چون انسانها در آن روزگار، از نظر علم و دانش و توانایی، «در اوج قدرت و افتخار» هستند، به همین دلیل هم پیش خود استدلال میکنند که اگر آنها «سفینهشان را روی زمین فرود آورند و سنگر بسازند، سنگرشان نابود» خواهد شد. البته نویسنده با انتخاب زاویه دید «من راوی» و نیز توضیح و تشریحهای مفصل بعدی سعی کرده به هر ترتیب زهر این کار را بگیرد و خواننده را تا حدودی راضی کند و باز سعی کرده بگوید شخصیتهایش آدمهای عادی نیستند، بلکه قهرمانانی هستند در کسوت انسان یا بسیار خوششانساند، ۷ اما باید به ایشان اطمینان داد که دیگر عصر اینگونه داستانهای پرماجرایی که ابر و باد و مه و خورشید در فلکش درکارند تا از کسانی قهرمانانی شیشهای یا پهلوانانی پنبهای بسازند، سرآمده است.