خلاصة:
The development and evolution of any system-person, organization-nation depends on
how the system succeeds to bridge the gap between what the system knows and what the system
does (with the knowledge). We call this the gap between knowing and doing or the
knowing - doing gap.
If the system does not do what it knows, it will lose out in competition with other
systems, its relative performance in any field will decline, it may run into stagnation
and face destruction.
When a system succeeds to do what it knows, the knowledge of the system will
increase in time, giving the system new opportunities for doing. There is positive feedback
between knowing and doing. Many nations are unable to make use of the
knowledge pool available in the world. They prefer to stagnate. For the science/university
system we observe, that a lot of knowledge and capabilities, learned and
acquired, do not make into the economy. We also observe firms endowed with first
class engineers and scientists, producing sometimes outstanding knowledge, even protected
by patents, but somehow this knowledge idles around, does not find its way into
new products or technology.
It seems that "something" is missing in the concept of the knowledge society, knowledge
management and similar ideas. That something is the factor which bridges the
gap between knowing and doing, that transforms knowledge into action. We call this
factor entrepreneurship and the persons bridging the gap entrepreneurs.Our focus is on academic entrepreneurs, those bridging the gap between knowledge
produced in the system of science and the prob-lems they face when applying this
knowledge in the economy. We call academic institutions, who try to bridge the gap
between knowing and doing the entrepreneurial university.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Figure 1 illustrates that with each longterm economic cycle or Kondratieff/Schumpeter wave, knowledge intensity increases and the role of science and academic entrepreneurship becomes more crucial.
From the standpoint of economic development, the most important question is: how do we get entrepreneurs excited about investing in the implementation of new knowledge created in the science system of society.
4If you believe this to be just a problem of developed economies, which operate at the frontier of knowledge and which therefore need for their innovational activities a permanent supply of scientific ideas, you are probably mistaken.
C PR E Resistance Firm University PR PR Entrepreneurship Knowing Scientist Student C C Doing Intrapreneurship Science E E Economy Gap PR=Property Rights C=Competence E=Environment Figure 3: Factors Causing the Knowing-Doing Gap Science produces knowledge; entrepreneurs create value and new employment with the knowledge.
As mentioned, there are two ways out: knowledge/transfer manage ment and entrepreneurship: Those who are in the know do not mutate into doers because they lack the rights(to do so), competencies(capabilities), motivation(will, energy) to engage in innovation (making new things happen).
Fortunately, the very difficulties, barriers to diffusion and knowledge gaps assumed as nonexistent in the traditional paradigm, create the incentives and opportunities for those owning nontransferable knowl edge and skills and thus open up the economic space for academic entrepreneurs.
"The entrepreneurial university: Innovation, knowledge creation and regional development in a globalized econo my", in: Shunzo Nitta (Editor):Similarity and difference in the process of economic growth in Germany and Japan after World War-II to the present time,Tokyo: Center for International Prog rams Toyo University, S."