خلاصة:
Water supply of green spaces in arid areas is a major challenge. A high percentage of green spaces
create lawns, which are high water consumer landscapes. Due to the environmental, recreational and
athletic values of lawns, they are considered as non-removable elements in urban green space development.
This paper reviews and discusses strategies for efficient water usage in lawn areas using library study
methods. According to the results, first, it was recommended that water demands of turfgrasses are
calculated using precise scientific methods. Eleven strategies including selecting appropriate plant species,
clipping from appropriate height, removing the thatch layer, using wastewater as an irrigation water source,
the use of superabsorbents, application of regulated deficit irrigation, the use of subsurface irrigation
systems, replacement of lawns with appropriate ground cover plants, the use of surfactants and other
chemicals such as paclobutrazol and endophyte fungi, as individual or combined strategies were suggested
for efficient water usage in turfgrass areas. These results, in some cases, can be used as executive
guidelines by green space professionals in order to reduce water usage in this sector and in other cases,
they can be used as preliminary studies for research in the field of sustainable management of turfgrasses in
arid and semi-arid areas.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Eleven strategies including selecting appropriate plant species, clipping from appropriate height, removing the thatch layer, using wastewater as an irrigation water source, the use of superabsorbents, application of regulated deficit irrigation, the use of subsurface irrigation systems, replacement of lawns with appropriate ground cover plants, the use of surfactants and other chemicals such as paclobutrazol and endophyte fungi, as individual or combined strategies were suggested for efficient water usage in turfgrass areas.
Factors, such as the amount of evaporation and respiration, growth season duration, the grass variety, planting density, footing intensity, soil type, rainfall amount and available are the main factors affecting water consumption of turfgrasses (Alami, 2011; Birad, 1973).
The employed strategies in urban areas, included water harvesting, reuse of treated wastewater, drip irrigation, night irrigation, the use of mulch, reduction in planting areas of grass in gardens and green spaces, public education, public participation and the most important factor, is correct choice of appropriate native plants.
(2009) examined the effect of superabsorbent (Igeta) on plant growth, wilting condition, possibility of survival, ability of holding and absorbing moisture in the soil, irrigation interval and the amount of consumed water on sunflower in three soil textures of clay, loam and sand.
In soils which are covered with turfgrasses for a long time and usually are faced with water penetration issues due to accumulation of their root systems or having hydrophobic organics in the soil, using relatively low-cost surfactants from locally available materials can be a useful water efficient strategy to grow lawns."