خلاصة:
Objective: The present research aimed to examine positive and negative beliefs about worry
and tendency of students to drug abuse in terms of cross-level effect of school-bounding.
Methods: In this multi-level investigation, 1000 students of high schools were selected by
means of multi-stage sampling technique. Then, they completed metacognitive questionnaire
(MCQ), school-bounding and questionnaire of readiness for addiction scale (Wade & Butcher).
The data were analyzed by cross-level analytical method.
Results: Findings showed that positive and negative metacognitive beliefs significantly
affect students’ tendency to drug abuse and the variable of school-bounding has direct and
significant effect on students’ tendency to drug abuse while it has indirect and significant effect
on relationship among negative and positive beliefs about worry and tendency to drug abuse.
Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of taking multi-level approach toward
tendency to drug abuse and addiction and using microlevel and macrolevel to define
phenomenon of addiction and tendency to drug abuse.
ملخص الجهاز:
"This study tends to analyze the effect of inefficient metacog- nitive beliefs of school-bounding elements on students’ tendency towards drug abuse with multi-level approach and within the framework of a cross-level modeling.
This study aimed to analyze the effects of positive and negative beliefs about worry in inefficient metacognitive beliefs and school-bounding on students’ tendency to drug abuse by taking a multi-level approach and within a cross-level model.
Test of cross-level hypotheses The regression equations derived for testing the fixed numbers detailed model as outcomes in this investiga- tion are as follows: Level-One Model Y=B0+B1×(positivebeliefsaboutworry)+B2×(negative beliefs about worry)+R Level-Two Model B0=G00+G01×(school bounding)+U0 B1=G10 B2=G20 The unit-level model is a model that has been already verified according to the results of testing hypotheses at students’ level.
4. Discussion In this study, we suggested and examined the cross-lev- el model, which shows the relationship of negative and the positive beliefs about worry with students’ tendency 39January 2016, Volume 4, Number 1 toward drug abuse, with regard to the cross-level effect of school-bounding.
The results of testing cross-level hypotheses showed that the variable of school- bounding has negative and significant effect on students’ tendency to drug abuse and this finding is in line with the results of studies conducted by Dixon (2007), Hawkins et al.
Furthermore, the cross-level analysis of hypotheses H4 and H5 suggests that school-bounding affects signifi- cantly the relationship between negative beliefs about worry and tendency to drug abuse."