خلاصة:
The juvenile court as the most important reference has the competence of investigating adolescents crimes, but the competence is different to circumstances governing crime such as the type of crime, the age of the criminal and the place of occurring crime. In fact, juvenile court in absolute not has the competence of investigating types of children crimes in each age group and in every place. Competence of children and adolescents' courts is an exclusive competence and in the division of courts, it is referred to children and adolescents' court as a part of the division of criminal courts. But in the topic of crimes in the competence of criminal court one and revolutionary court, legislator has expressed its specialty that investigating these crimes is done in special criminal court one of proceeding children and adolescents crimes. These branches not prevent the referral of other files to them. Article 294 of the Criminal Procedure Code has accepted the discussion of specialty of children and adolescents court however, in Article 315 and the following amendment has stated the specialty of Criminal Court one especial for children and adolescents.
ملخص الجهاز:
Therefore, followed by the evolutions observed during two last centuries in civil liability which underlie the development of such a law, the fact of compensation of damage has been freed from any limitation along with the implementation of justice in some legal systems such as France and causes more protecting of victims of harmful acts and more compensation of damages resulted on them.
In fact, development of the concept fault and considering the behaviors as error in the modern machine life is an inevitable fact for any common person or development of liability cases without any error and based on the risk or guarantee causes imposing of damage on those who were not really faulty, rather they have taken attempts to produce goods and offer services to other people of the society and booming of market and economical activities (Babayi, 1380, p.
Therefore, in the present law, there are various mechanisms more efficientthan previous to compensate the damages of the injured party; some of them are as insurance of properties, insurance of persons, insurance of liability and social insurance which generally the lawyers call them alternative designs of civil liability system and divide it into two main types "commercial insurances" and "Social security system" (Badini, 1384, p.
Damage insurance is also a contract that is concluded along with the fulfillment of the goal of civil liability because its objective is to compensate the resulted damage to the property and assets of the policy holder or a person who is responsible for it based on the rules of civil liability.