خلاصة:
The present article studies and analyses plan and planning in Iran with respect
to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its
functioning. Iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7
constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after
the Revolution). Right now, Iran is implementing her third developmental plan.
Two 7-year first and second plans have not been implemented comprehensively
without any objective of quantitative development, but only in the form of a
complex projects upon the framework of indices of resource allocation. Before
the Revolution the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plans were achieved with an average
annual growth of 8.5, 13.1 and 16.3 per cent in gross national product.
Following the Revolution, Iran had no planning for 11 years (1978-1989). The
First Developmental Plan (1989-1993) which had been prepared and implemented
with the objective of reconstruction, water, electricity, gas and service
sectors had a considerable growth but the rest of the sectors did not achieve
the pre-determined objectives. The Second Developmental Plan was prepared and
implemented with the objective of social justice and increase in productivity.
The results were a significant growth in building sector but other sectors did
not achieve their respective objectives. On one side, regional planning and
development appeared from the Second Development Plan onwards in Iran before
1979 and special attention has been paid to the regional development plan in the
two plans of the post-revolution. Iranian Development plans before and after the
revolution was dependent on oil incomes and couldn’t afford to balance national
income among the ten groups of the population.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Regarding the new phases of national development management and the new outlooks and careful attention to future of the country in the commencement of the second millennium, as well as global economic relations, international convergence, intensive structural changes in global economy, ever increasing dependence of production upon know-how and information technology, expansion of mass media, main upheavals in the global oil market, and in south-East Asia, etc.
The main objectives of the plan included rapid economic growth, increase in national per-capital income through gradual increase, relative importance of industries, just distribution of income, reduction of foreign dependence in the field of basic needs, diversity in exports and improvement of administrative services (Plan & Budget Organization, 1973).
The main objectives of this plan includes improvement of life standards, rapid and continuous growth of economy with decreasing of prices, just distribution of income, expansion of social, economic, political and cultural justice, ensuring productive employment in the entire regions of the country, improvement of bio-environment, creation of relative advantages in production, export of industrial goods and safeguarding cultural heritage (Plan & Budget Organization, 1973).
Among its main objectives, the realization of social justice, moral growth of Islamic and cultural virtues, increase of productivity, training of needed human forces, agriculture-oriented economic growth, development of non-oil exports, environmental protection, consolidation of defense bases of the country, struggle towards the rule of law and consolidation of public participation, consolidation of researches and creation of working opportunities can be named."