خلاصة:
Fast growing population, excessive expansion of cities, and dominance of automobile in urban life
have troubled cities with complicated traffic problems. In many parts of the world, transport network development
has always been considered as a solution for this problem. Apparently, one-dimensional ‘traffic solutions’ would
never thoroughly bring best results as the city and its problems are complicated and interconnected. However,
adding one floor to the existing networks would not necessarily solve traffic congestion. Therefore the aim of this
paper is to identify the challenges elevated highways especially Sadr highway imposed on adjacent residential
neighborhoods, and to provide recommendations mitigating the negative impacts of these challenges in favor of
neighbor residents. Among the different challenges, this paper focuses on those which have instant effects on the
potential neighborhoods including environmental, safety, and social challenges which affect nearby residents the
most. Accordingly, this study provides policies to reduce noise, air and visual pollution, safety and security issues
ملخص الجهاز:
This paper’s focus is on improving the deteriorated quality of living for neighbor residents of elevated highways, and therefore among mentioned criteria, three of them which have been reported as the most irritating impacts by the potentially affected receptors, such as "noise pollution", "air pollution", and "visual intrusion" are discussed below.
In conclusion, noise mitigation solutions are briefly possible as below: ■ at the source ■ between the source and receivers ■ at receivers’ end Air Pollution A proposed development that will change the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere, or alter the weather and climate, may result in effects on people, plants, animals, materials and buildings (Canter, 1996; Colls, 1997; Elsom, 1992; Ortolano, 1997; Turco, 2002).
g. benzene Ozone (O ) Particulates -dust, smoke, Petrol-engine vehicle exhausts Secondary pollutant formed from VOCs and nitrogen oxides PM , PM Diesel vehicles Movement and Dispersion of Air Pollutants The movement and dispersion of air pollutants are influenced by a number of factors including (Queensland Government, Department of Transport and Main Roads, 2014): • Road configuration (whether the road layout is at grade, depressed or elevated) • Distance between the source and reception point • Meteorological conditions (primarily wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric stability) • Type of intervening ground cover between source and reception point (surface roughness affects the wind speed profile and the potential for entrainment of particles) • The existence of natural or artificial obstructions.