خلاصة:
For a long time, East pivot of metropolis Tehran has been playing an efficient role in spatial urban and rural habitation development in its region; so that in different periods this capacity and potential caused the pivot develop rural and urban habitations without meeting planning rules and requisites. Lack of schedule, and scattered, however, created disorganization and unfavorable conditions from different economic, social, environmental, and demographic aspects. Accordingly, the government has taken decentralization in Tehran into account based on new cities experiences in other countries and in order to decrease the population load, and also constructed and developed Pardis new town to organize habitation on this pivot in order for eliminating regional unfavorable conditions around Tehran. After more than two decades of Pardis new town construction, however, failure and success of this policy has received attention. Hence, this research serves to consider and comparatively analyze east pivot of Paris (as a successful instance of European new cities) and the one of Tehran. Research methodology is comparatively analyzing these two instances by means of spatial cartographic analyzes and comparative comparison of data related to spatial and skeletal characteristics of studied areas. perceived results indicate that planning without considering spatial relations between activities and habitation and a simple point attitude towards habitation are of main causes of failure in management and equalizing
eastern region of metropolis Tehran. That is, new town Marne-La-Vallee in east of Paris comprises all houses and even old rural centers on its base beside spatial capacities of new development, whereas only determining the range of development and new buildings are considered regardless of habitations interrelations between Roudehen, Bumehen and Jajrud, and relations between other existing habitations in this pivot or spatial order has been neglected.
ملخص الجهاز:
"The generation procedure of eastern pivot of Paris and establishing Marne-La-Vallee town indicate that improving housing was accomplished simultaneously with development of different infrastructures including highways, railways, tourist, economic and service centers.
• Pardis new town for balancing eastern part of Tehran In Iran, new towns are planned and designed bases on special regional demands and for achieving specific goals including absorbing the overload of metropolis, avoiding irregular population growth, providing land and house according to financial Table1.
Year Operations 1965 Five new towns around Paris were scheduled 1972 Local planning and developing Marne-La-Vallee 1976 Building A4 highway 1977 Building RER line (regional railway network) 1980 Extending RER railway up to Toursi limitation 1986 Beginning of development of Cité Descartes (Decart collegiate town) 1987 Place finding for creating Euro Disney Land 1992 Establishing Euro Disney Land Park 1994 Establishing TGV and RER express railway stations 1997 École Nationale des Ponts & Chaussées (establishing new site of ENPC industrial university) 2000 Building sales center Val d’Europe 2002 Building second part of Euro Disney Land park 2007 Inaugurating express railway of Marne-La-Vallee (TGV) 2009 Introducing Marne-La-Vallee as an appropriate town in Paris area 2011 Marne-La-Vallee was selected as the location of two future stations in Paris area Fig. 3.
The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism 25 Planning in Marne-La-Vallee new town was for the purpose of construction development with varied functions in a way that it created a considerable capacity and centralization in it."