خلاصة:
أﺟرﯾت ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﺣﻘل ﺑﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ طﺑرق اﻟذي ﺗم إﻧﺷﺎﺋﮫ ﺣدﯾﺛﺎ ﻹﺟراء اﻟﺗﺟﺎرب اﻟﺣﻘﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﺣﯾث ﺗم اﺧذ 5 ﻋﯾﻧﺎت ﻣن ﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﺣﻘل ﺧﻼل ﺷﮭر ﯾوﻟﯾو ﻋﺎم 2016 . وﺗﻛوﯾن ﻣﺳﺗﺧﻠص ﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺗﻘدﯾر اﻷﯾوﻧﺎت اﻟذاﺋﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻورة أﯾوﻧﻲ Soluble ions ﯾﺳﮭل ﺗﻘدﯾرھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﻣل ﻹﺟراء اﻟﺗﺣﺎﻟﯾل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ، واﻋﺗﻣد ﻣﻧﮭﺎج اﻟﺑﺣث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻌﻣﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ واﻟﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻼح( اﻷﯾوﻧﺎت اﻟذاﺋﺑﺔ)ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﺣﺗواھﺎ ﻣن اﻷﻣﻼح ﺣﯾث ﺗم ﺗﻘدﯾر ﺗرﻛﯾز ﻛﻼ ﻣن PH، E.C
-Na+، K+ ، Mg++ ، Ca++ ، CL فیها. و حساب العدید من العلاقات مثل SAR و ESP و C.E.C للتربة.
ﯾﻌد اﻟﮭدف اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﺣث ھو ﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ وﺗﺻﻧﯾﻔﮭﺎ وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣدى ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻹﺟراء ﺗﺟﺎرب اﻟزراﻋﺔ اﻟﺣﻘﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ وﺗﺄﺛﯾرھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت .ﺣﯾث ﺗﺑﯾن ﻣن اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ أن ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟزراﻋﺔ اﻟﺣﻘﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﺑﺻورة رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺳب اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻗﯾم اﻟـ (E.C) pH ( ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺑﯾن ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﻌد ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﺗﺻﻧﯾف ﻣﻌﻣل اﻟﻣﻠوﺣﺔ اﻻﻣرﯾﻛﻰ (1945 .S.U. Salinity Lap ) ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻠوﺣﺔ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﻠص اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﯾﻧﺎت ﻓﻘد ﺗراوﺣت ﻗﯾﻣﺔ E.C ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﺧﻠص ﻋﺟﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن (4.66 ds/m– 5.10 ) اى أﻧﮭﺎ ( ECe > 4 dS /m ) ﻛذاﻟك دﻟت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ أن ﻗﯾﻣﺔESP ﻗد ﺗراوﺣت ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن ) 11.3- 14.6 ( اى ﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭﺎ اﻗل ﻣن % 15 . ﻛﻣﺎ وﺟد آن درﺟﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋل ( pH ) ﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺗراوﺣت ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن( 7.18- 7.75) اى ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن (7.4-8 .7). وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﺗﺑﯾن أن ﺗرﺑﺔ ھذه اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺣﺳب ﺗﺻﻧﯾف ﻣﻌﻣل اﻟﻣﻠوﺣﺔ اﻻﻣرﯾﻛﻰ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺿﻣن اﻟﺗرب اﻟﻣﻠﺣﯾﺔ ﺣﯾث ﺗؤدي إﻟﻰ ﺿرر ﺑﻧﻣو اﻟﻧﺑﺎت ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة أو ﻏﯾر ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة (1954 .Richard) . وھذا ﻣﺎ ﺗم ﻣﻼﺣظﺗه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺷﺟﺎر اﻟﻣزروﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻘل ﻣن ﺗدھور وﻣوت ﺑﻌض ﻣﻧﮭﺎ. ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗم إﺟراء اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻻﺣﺻﺎﺋﻰ ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺗطﺑﯾق ﻣﻌﺎﻣل ﺑﯾرﺳون ﻟﻼرﺗﺑﺎط ﺣﯾث دﻟت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺢ وﺟود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻛﺳﯾﺔ ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻗﯾم E.C ) اﻟﻣوﺻﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ( وﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﺻودﯾوم اﻟﻣدﻣص SAR ﺑﻠﻐت ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ -r= 0.1 .ﻛذاﻟك وﺟود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ طردﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن EC و ESP (ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﺻودﯾوم اﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎدل) ﺑﻠﻐت ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ 52.r = 0 . ﻛﻣﺎ دل اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل وﺟود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ طردﯾﺔ ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ اﻟﺷدة ﺑﯾن ﻗﯾم EC و اﻟﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺗﺑﺎدﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﺗﯾوﻧﯾﺔ C .E .C ﺣﯾث ﺑﻠﻐت 574.r = 0 وھذا ﻣﺎ ﺗوﺻل إﻟ ( Korkor و Hilal ، 1975 ).
أوﺻت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﯾﺟب إﺟراء ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻻﺳﺗﺻﻼح اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻣدروﺳﺔ ﻗﺑل زراﻋﺔ اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﻋن طرﯾق ﻏﻣر اﻷرض ﺑﻣﯾﺎه ﺣﯾدة اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻋدة ﻣرات ﻟﺧﻔض ﻣﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺣدود اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ. ﻋن طرﯾق ﻏﺳﯾل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻣﯾﺎت ﻣﯾﺎه ﺗذﯾب أﻣﻼح اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ و ﺑﻌد ﺻرف اﻟﻣﺎء ﺗﻘل ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﻣﺗواﺟدة ﺑﻣﻧطﻘﺔ أﻧﺗﺷﺎر ﺟذر اﻟﻧﺑﺎت.
This study was conducted in a field site at the University of Tobruk , which was newly created to conduct field trials of some of the plants where they were taking five samples from the soil of the field during the month of July 2016.
And the formation of soil extract aqueous to estimate the dissolved ions in the soil in the form of an ionic Soluble ions facilitates the appreciation in the lab to conduct chemical out analyzes , and adopted a Platform for research on laboratory analysis of soil by studying the chemical properties of the soil of the study area and of salts ( dissolved ions ) to see the content of salts where estimating both the pH, ECe, Na +, K +, Mg ++, Ca ++, Cl¯ them. And the calculation of many relationships , such as SAR and ESP and C.E.C soil . The main objective of the research is to evaluate and classify the soil and find out the suitability of the soil study site to conduct field trials of plants agriculture and its impact on the plants. It was found from the results that the field of agriculture process mainly depends on the proportions of ingredients found in the soil , especially the values (pH ) (E.C) .It was found through the results after comparing the classification of the ( U.S Salinity Laboratory . 1945) the high value of salinity to extract soil for all samples has value ranged EC in saturated soil paste extract between (4.66 ds / m - 5.10 ) that is, they ((ECe > 4 dS / m ) Kmalk results showed that the value of ESP has ranged between (3.11 - 6.14 ) that is, all less than 15%.