خلاصة:
Statement of the problem: Cultural landscape is a landscape that is affected by culture and is originated fromthe interactions between humans and nature throughout time. Meanwhile, culture acts as the operant and natureas the mediator and cultural landscape is the product of these two. The cultural landscape of Iranian tribes isvery diverse and miscellaneous, to the extent that even in places that are geographically similar to each otherwe witness deep-rooted differences between them. It should be mentioned that, during recent decades, the lack
of attention to the elements that develop cultural landscape has led to the distortion of some local characteristicsand destruction of the nomadic cultural landscape. Identifying these factors will be a great help for the lifeperpetuation of this culturally rich heritage and the revival of these perspectives. In the present research, weare in search of these differences and the factors which cause them among these nomadic people, specificallyamong Bakhtiari nomads. Furthermore, we are looking for the impact of these differences on their housingand architectural patterns. The question is that “does transformation of culture cause the formation of different
cultural landscapes? If so, what are the variables that cause the formation of the nomadic culture and how does itmanifest itself it their architecture?Objective: By utilizing field studies, the present research has studied the most important characteristics ofthe nomadic cultural landscape and their impact on the structure of their architecture within the subject ofcultural landscape. Therefore, the aim of conducting studies on the nomadic architecture and investigating the
characteristics of their cultural landscape is trying to identify and present the cultural landscape pattern gainedfrom the nomadic lifestyle.Research Methodology: This research is conducted based on the qualitative method and relies on descriptionand analysis.Conclusion: The findings show that the following factors play a significant role in the developmentof the nomadic cultural landscape: climate, pastureland, migration, nomadic camps, subsistence, construction
materials, construction technology and its available resources, the status of women, traditions and language,entertainment and leisure, faith, religion and beliefs, color, safety and kinship. The results indicate thatgeographical and economic factors are influential in the tent’s shape formation and how they are positioned, theuse of local materials and building supplementary structures. The factor of belief is effective on the colors usedin the tent, the location of the kitchen in the tent and the status of women. The important factors of the need iseffective on the nomadic architecture by establishing a social camp, the positioning of the tents in a way that thesight of every tent complements the other and relevant spaces with entertainment and leisure such as “Kollah”.
ملخص الجهاز:
"5 The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism Introduction The cultural landscape, which originates from the interactions between man and nature, has characteristics which makes it the main factor for the formation of the architectural model of Bakhtiari tribe.
Factors affecting the formation of cultural landscape of nomadic tribes Impacts on the physical structure aspects of architecture Case study Climate In the winter, the entrance area is smaller than in the summer The tent’s shape is rectangular cubic in the summer, in the winter the roof is inclined (View the image of this page)available Stone (Bard) Wood (chu) Goat hair (View the image of this page) Table 9.
76 The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism In terms of physical factors and the effect of cultural landscape on the physical aspects we can mention the placement on the steep lands and as a result building some terraces on floor (Table 8), being inspired by the natural patterns in the structure of the tents (for example the form of tents being similar to mountains), the use of pure materials with the lowest changes like the arrangement of stones, the division of the tent into two part without any separating wall, the use of pure and elementary geometric shapes in the structures and tents like triangle in tents, and circle in the structures related to the animals and rectangular and square plans for tents (table 7 and 8)."