خلاصة:
Honesty in Islamic mystical ethics, at a superficial level, refers to the correspondence between speech, action, and intention and purpose. This application of honesty has been analyzed in depth in mystical ethics, and the analysis has resulted in honesty being considered as the foundation and basis of other virtues from five aspects, from which it can be understood that many of virtues are not virtues without honesty. In fact, these five aspects provide important and various meanings of foundational virtue in mythical texts. Considering this, one can find different levels and types of the virtue of honesty in mysticism and assess the obstacles in its path. A deep analysis of dishonesty and distinguishing self-deception are among the most important results of this specific approach to honesty. It is also in view of these analyses that mystics can explain how honesty can result in important ethical fruits, such as love for others, altruism, and abstaining from utilitarianism and egoism in actions, and how it leads to important psychological states, like happiness, satisfaction, hope, and strong inclination to virtues.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Honesty as a Foundational Virtue According to Islamic Mystical Ethics: Introduction and Definition Seyed Ahmad Fazeli 1 Received: 12-03-2018 / Accepted: 15-05-2018 Honesty in Islamic mystical ethics, at a superficial level, refers to the correspondence between speech, action, and intention and purpose.
In the later centuries, the mystics continued mostly in the same vein, analyzing the topics related to honesty and truthfulness, topics such as the definition of honesty, analysis of honesty, levels of honesty, types of honesty, its characteristics and fruits, how honesty is related to the nature or perfection of other moral virtues and spiritual stages, self- deception in honesty and its cure, and how one can attain honesty.
In the following discussion, it will become clear that the profound meaning of honesty makes it foundational in six different senses: (1) derivation, (2) pre-requisite, (3) overlapping with another virtue, (4) absolute companion, (5) companion of perfection, and (6) standard.
That which appears to be the most accurate expression is suggested by Khwaja ‘Abd Allah Ansari, who writes in his pivotal Manazil al-sa’irin on the gradational nature of honesty and confirms that each of its stages has different characteristics.
2. The Second Stage of Honesty: Attaining Life with God According to Khwaja ‘Abd Allah Ansari, at this level, one does not desire life except for God and does not witness in his soul except deficiency (Tilimsani 1371 Sh, 1:243).
e. , correspondence between attainment and existence—in order to explain this level more precisely, one can benefit from the linguistic meaning of honesty suggested by Khwaja ‘Abd Allah: "Honesty is all the power/potential of something" (Tilimsani 1371 Sh, 1:241)."