خلاصة:
Mir Ali ibn Hasan Tabrizi known as “Qudwat al-Kuttab Moala”, one of the greatest
calligraphers of the Timurid era and the composer of Nastaliq script, established a distinct
rule and form for this writing style for the first time. The only credible signed work of Mir
Ali is a version of Nizami’s Khusraw u Shirin (808A.H-1406A.D) in Freer gallery of art
which is of great importance in terms of writing and orthography. Accordingly, the subject
of this article is investigating the Mir Ali Tabrizi’s orthography, based on this manuscript.
This study aims at identifying the style and rules used in Mir Ali’s calligraphy as the
primary samples of Nastaliq. Also, it is tried to answer these questions: 1. How is the goodformation
in Mir Ali Tabrizi’s writing? 2. How is the good-establishment in Mir Ali’s
Nastaliq writing style?
This study was carried out through a descriptive-analytical method and the data collection
methods were a library (written documents) and field (direct observation).
Good-formation in Mir Ali’s writing shows that elongations follow certain and relatively
stable rules and are often short and sharp. The form and proportions of the second movement
of the circles are similarly repeated in all letters. Dots have the same slope, with no sharp
corners and less wide than the pen’s width. Good-establishment in Mir Ali’s writing appears
as at least one elongation in most hemistiches and the elimination of the final letters and
some essential dots of the letters. Adding some dots follow the old tradition of writing, and
joining some letters likely influenced by the Taliq script. Diacritic and decorative motions
are limited to a few instances.
میرعلی بن حسن تبریزی ملقب به «قدوهالکتابمعلی» از بزرگترین خوشنویسان عصر تیموری برای نخستینبار خوشنویسی نستعلیق را تحت قاعده و هیئتی متمایز درآورد. تنها اثر مرقوم موثق میرعلی، نسخه خسرو و شیرین نظامی بهتاریخ 808هـ.ق/1406م محفوظ در گالری هنری فریر است که از منظر شیوه کتابت و رسمالخط اهمیت شایان توجهی دارد. برهمین اساس، موضوع این مقاله بررسی رسمالخط میرعلی تبریزی با تکیه بر این نسخه خطی است.
هدف از انجام این مقاله شناخت شیوه و قواعد بهکار رفته در خط میرعلی بهعنوان نمونههای اولیه خوشنویسی نستعلیق است. همچنین در اینراستا سعی شده است تا به این سؤالها پاسخ داده شود : 1. حسنتشکیل در رسمالخط میرعلی تبریزی چگونه است؟؛ 2. قواعد حسنوضع در شیوه کتابت نستعلیق میرعلی چگونه است؟
این پژوهش بهروش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام پذیرفته و روش گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانهای(اسناد مکتوب) و میدانی(مشاهده مستقیم) است.
حسنتشکیل در نگارش میرعلی نشان میدهد که کشیدگیها از قواعد معین و نسبتا ثابتی تبعیت میکنند و غالبا کوتاه، تند و تیز هستند. فرم و تناسبات حرکت دوم دوایر در تمام حروف بهطور مشابه تکرار شده است. نقطهها با شیبی یکسان، بدون گوشههای تیز و عرض کمتر از پهنای قلم اجرا شدهاند. حسنوضع در کتابت میرعلی بهصورت حداقل یک کشیدگی در اکثر مصرعها و حذف حروف پایانی و برخی نقاط ضروری حروف ظاهر میشود. افزودن نقطه بهپیروی از سنت قدیم کتابت است و اتصال برخی از حروف احتمالا تحت تأثیر خط تعلیق بوده است. اعرابگذاری و حرکات تزیینی به چند مورد جزئی محدود شده است.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Received 2017/09/11 revised 2018/03/13 accepted 2018/04/22 available online 2018/06/22 Abstract Mir Ali ibn Hasan Tabrizi known as "Qudwat al-Kuttab Moala", one of the greatest calligraphers of the Timurid era and the composer of Nastaliq script, established a distinct rule and form for this writing style for the first time.
2. How is the good-establishment in Mir Ali’s Nastaliq writing style?This study was carried out through a descriptive-analytical method and the data collectionmethods were a library (written documents) and field (direct observation).
In his article "Signs, Arrays, and Decorations in Pahlavi and Avestan Handwritings", Bahram Broumand amin described how initial words were written in headings and how flowers were used instead of dots, and they used animal and human figures to decorate or mark letters, etc.
To answer the second research question, Mir Ali’s calligraphy was analyzed in terms of the reduction and addition of dots, reduction of letters, decorations and arrays, letter linkage, and types of lineation.
Good-establishment in Mir Ali’s script can be examined through elimination and addition of dots, elimination of letters, decorations and arrays, letter linkage, and type of lineation.
Discussion Examining the script by Mir Ali Tabrizi and the rules used in writing each letter, one can consider a pattern or standard for each group of letters as follows: elongated, circular, singular, and dots.
Good-establishment in Mir Ali’s calligraphy can be investigated through five categories: addition and elimination of dots, elimination of letters, decorations and arrays, letter linkage, and type of lineation."