خلاصة:
The constructions of the building professional body has been a main research subject
in recent two decades. In Iran, the construction industry is mostly based on an
overwhelming pattern of mutual design practices where the majority of expert personals
are design and construction technicians. But these human forces have always been
marginalized within research discourse as well as the educational context of architecture.
The study aims at clarifying the occupational position of draftspersons and construction
technicians and their impact on architectural designs. The first part of the article, proposes a
conceptual framework for studying status of architectural technicians from antiquity to present
comparing Iran and the west. For the second part, a logical analysis of official documents is
used to produce a general model of the subject. The ethnographical strategy is chosen for the
third part of the research where middle-range forces of the small design practices of Qom are
studied (using deep observation, deep interview, and objective questionnaire technics) to be
compared with findings of previous studies and make conclusions. The results of this study
show that draftsman place in its historical evolution has experienced a vast change from an
expertise-based hierarchy towards societal hierarchy. The all models of the varieties of occupation
patterns of building technicians around the world are summed up in four conceptual models.
The difference of the models falls into directness or indirectness of the mediatory role of the
technician between architectural designer and other human figures in design decision making
(clients, law agents, other engineers of building and operational forces). For Iranian small design
practices, official duties, integration with clients and designing of some small projects are three
common roles of the technician that are not within their official defined education as well as
professional place. This fact invites to a review of their education an occupational pattern
ملخص الجهاز:
there are some comments such as draftspersons, , for architectural practice because in modernity (since, are not so efficient in, their works or they have no, , Renaissance era) there has been a great gap between, sufficient motivations for their job or the weakness in, , design and construction where the two field emerged, their professional status.
, , of architectural design, the question is that whether, The specific problem of this study is firstly to define the, , the need for technicians is a result of technological, concept of architectural technician (draftsperson) through, , progress (as other engineering fields) or it is an innate, historical genealogy of this professional position and then, , human requirement as, what, Durkheim mentioned.
, , , , , , , , , , %%انتهای جدول%%] Bagh- e Nazar, 15 (64):19-34 /Oct. 2018 important point is that Iranian art professionals had secrecy attitude towards their technical drawings that included not only production of drawings but also reading and performing of them to the extent that these works considered as the specific job of the master , not assistants.
The first real technicians in Iranian architecture should be the traditional masters at the beginning of the arrival of the modern educated architects in the community of design and construction of Iran: a process that began in the middle of the Qajar period and continues until the end of the second half of Pahlavi the second.