خلاصة:
Abundance of cellar springs, ethnic and religious pluralism and exclusive status on the one hand, political- economic crispy, cultural clashes and confluence of regional and trans-regional powers on the other hand have identified the Middle East as an endless region in the world. In other words, transcendence of power politics, utilitarianist and interest-oriented calculations has shown the Middle East as an area of diverse admixture. In this situation, based upon interest-oriented and national rationality, regional and transregional powers are trying to design the security geometry of the Middle Eastsubsystem. Indeed, the presence of trans-regional actors and regional powers attempting to map the region’s security has transformed the Middle East as a pole of the world’s security- political exchanges. This paper attempts to probe the security approaches of Iran, the USA and the EU as regional and trans-regional actors towards the Middle East.
ملخص الجهاز:
During the decades after Islamic revolution, Iran could run the relations with neighbors and other Middle Eastern countries as one of its factors of foreign policy and national security strategy which by empowering the religious and islamic values aiming to influence on the regional affairs and employing the deterrence strategy against other competitors based on interconnected security.
Practically, political- security relations of EU with the relevant region date back to 70s which the main axis of these approaches has been rose up following the war of Israel- Arabs but various kinds of internal reactions within the European community flashing the unwillingness and inability of member states for collective action against external skirmishes (Noor 2004: 27).
Based on the early reason, geographical proximity and oil dependency have caused to EU’s attempts for preparation of Middle East security whereas according to later one, trial for accession to political penetration in the region affected by European countries’ commitment for gaining an allied, integrated and convergent approach on foreign policy.
Picture 2- Structure of International Security Based on European Scenario (View the image of this page) Therefore, in the period of the existence of security concept which on one side has been identified with the emergence of transnational crimes, terrorism and explosion of population and on the other hand, has been altered based on the extension of demands and the interests of different actors and socio- political balancing of power, EU moved from common security which were supported by the members of UN and organization for security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to collective security (Iancu 2012: 64).