خلاصة:
It has been argued and stated that the 21st century is America's Pacific
Century, the century or millennium of Asia, and century or era of China, the
inevitable superpower. This paper explains the essence of the new changes
when the Pivot Policy was announced by President Obama in 2011. The
main question discussed is therefore the following: ‘Why (and how) did
President Obama adopt (and implement) the Pivot to Asia policy in 2011?’
One probable answer to this question is that President Obama intended to
prevent “China’s hegemony” in East Asia through the Pivot Policy; however,
“China’s hegemony” was carried out by economic and military levers. The
theory applied is Joseph Nye’s “Liberal Realism,” because the Pivot as a
question of foreign policy is considered to be part of Realism and Liberalism
simultaneously, and can be used for analysis at both global and domestic
levels. The methodology used in this research is a mix methodology of
Qualitative Content Analysis and Case study. The “Pivot” or “Rebalance” to
Asia is a policy based on significant changes such as the rise of China and
the US relative decline, at global and domestic levels, respectively. The Pivot
is a regional coherent strategy from the Indian ocean to the Americas, a
strategy of cooperation and competition toward China, implemented through
“smart” leadership, rather than hegemony by economic and military tools
like modern alliances, partnerships and institutions in order to prevent
“China’s rise” and lead it to a responsible emerging power when in the half
of the millennium, 2050, it reaches its peak of progress. The U.S. tries to
maintain its worldwide leadership status up to the 22th century through the
implementation of the Pivot Policy in 2011.
ملخص الجهاز:
The Pivot is a regional coherent strategy from the Indian ocean to the Americas, a strategy of cooperation and competition toward China, implemented through “smart” leadership, rather than hegemony by economic and military tools like modern alliances, partnerships and institutions in order to prevent “China’s rise” and lead it to a responsible emerging power when in the half of the millennium, 2050, it reaches its peak of progress.
This paper is an attempt to explore the new important strategic environment, the two level analysis, global and domestic contexts, with regards to a rising China and a relative US decline, two vital security-economic components, and the need for a ‘Change policy.
The Pivot, however, was discontinuity as a result of China rise and the necessary shifts toward East Asia after a decade of war in the Middle East during Bush Jr. As Nye’s ‘Liberal Realism’ theory insists on two levels of analysis with its definition for a change, the Obama administration depicted a new strategic environment with power diffusion, technological changes, increasing interdependence of the global economy, dynamic power among states and Asia Pacific as the most real new dynamic region with China rise as a global power and US relative decline in comparison to China.
The implementation of the Pivot in the economic component has been done through TPP as a leading “Asia-Pacific regional integration initiative” (The White House, 2011) by allies, partners, rising countries and regional institutions in a network of like-minded states in order to integrate China into the rules-based global economy and prevent the Chinese hegemony.