خلاصة:
The imbalance between water supply and demand in the country has challenged water resource management, especially in the agricultural sector. The virtual water study approach, as an approach that values the use of water inputs in the production and consumption of various commodities, has been established and discussed for almost two decades. Based on this concept, the issue of virtual water trade has become important, and countries are interested in knowing how much water they export or how much they import in the trade of agricultural and industrial goods. In this regard, the international trade in agricultural products and the displacement of water contained in them, known as virtual water exports, can be one of the solutions for water resources management. In this paper, it has been studied the relationship between the country’s virtual water export and water resources inventory of the country for the period of 2006-2013 using the generalized method of moments (GMM) method. Results showed that virtual water exports had a significant positive relationship with the inventory of water resources, GDP, and population.
ملخص الجهاز:
The Relationship between Virtual Water Exports and the Country’s Water Resources Inventory Shagaieg Hejabi1, Tahereh Akhoondzadeh*2 Received: December 12, 2017 Accepted: April 30, 2018 The imbalance between water supply and demand in the country has challenged water resource management, especially in the agricultural sector.
In this paper, it has been studied the relationship between the country’s virtual water export and water resources inventory of the country for the period of 2006-2013 using the generalized method of moments (GMM) method.
Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), Gross Domestic Production (GDP), Population, Sargan Test, Virtual Water Exports, Water Resource Inventory JEL Classification: Q1, Q3, F2.
In line with previous studies, this paper examines the economic relationship between virtual water exports, and Iran’s water resources inventory according to Arellano and Bond (1991), which uses a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) for dynamic panel data.
Hence, it is calculated the amount of imported or exported water as commercial virtual water, as well as studying the statistics of export and import of goods and food products, especially agricultural products among different countries of the world, as well as Iran.
Hence, for a country like Iran, preventing the transfer of virtual water contained in the traded products, is a major portion of water resources management.
In this regard, measures that can be considered are: modifying the pattern of agricultural water consumption by training farmers, promoting culture and awareness of farmers in order not to use traditional irrigation methods in the country, and making macro policies in the country to prevent the export of water-embedded products, and substituting them by imports.