خلاصة:
Among the topics that can play an important role in interreligious dialogue and the relationship between civilizations and cultures is the topic of human salvation. In this article, we argue that salvation and redemption are not exclusive to the followers of a particular religion; rather, the followers of various religions can gain salvation with some conditions, such as the belief in God and moral integrity. With this approach, we can create a constructive dialogue among the followers of different religions, and prevent “the clash of civilizations.” From an Islamic viewpoint, followers of other religions who seek the truth but have not been able to find it are considered innate Muslims. Comparatively, in Karl Rahner’s thought, the followers of various religions can gain divine grace for their moral acts, faith, hope, love of neighbor, charity, and so forth. Rahner calls such people “anonymous Christians.” According to these two viewpoints, a wide range of the followers of different religions can gain salvation.
ملخص الجهاز:
God has given the gift of His existence to humanity, Christians and non-Christians, and by accepting this divine gift all human beings can make it a reality inside them and gain the grace of God. Rahner states that anonymous Christian is the one 108 / who on the one hand has de facto accepted of his freedom this gracious self-offering on God’s part through faith, hope and love, while on the other, he is not yet a Christian at the social level (through baptism and Church membership of the Church) … [or] the pagan after the beginning of the Christian mission, who lives in the state of Christ’s grace through faith, hope and love yet who has no explicit knowledge of the fact that his life is orientated in grace-given salvation to Jesus Christ (Rahner 1976, 283).
The Grace of God in Rahner’s Inclusivist Theory In order to prove and provide salvation for non-Christians, Rahner tries to give a new definition for God’s incarnation and revelation in Jesus.
5. Evaluation of Rahner’s Inclusivism The fact that Rahner distinguishes between the legitimacy and truth of one religion and the salvation of the followers of different religions in his theory of inclusivism is admirable, because he tries to prove salvation for non-Christians (pluralism of salvation) by using and redefining the traditional teachings of Christianity such as incarnation, atonement, the uniqueness of the revelation of Christ, the nature of man, the necessity of faith, the work of the Holy Spirit, the primacy of love, and the mission of the Church.