خلاصة:
ابنتیمیه بزرگترین نظریهپرداز سلفیّه که فتواهای افراطگرایانه تکفیری او همچنان دستاویزی برای کشتار مسلمانان است، موضوع ایمان و کفر را از مسائل شرعی دانسته وکفر را همان عدم ایمان تعریف میکند. وی در یک تقسیمبندی کلّی، تکفیر را به مطلق و معین تقسیم میکند؛ در تکفیر مطلق، تنها به بیان اسباب کفر پرداخته و آن را بر وصف عامّی، معلّق ساخته و به فرد خاصی اختصاص نمیدهد؛ ولی در تکفیر معیّن، حکم کفر به فرد یا گروه معیّنی صادر میشود که قول، عمل یا اعتقاد کفرآمیزی که با اسلام در تناقض است، از او سر زده باشد. وی در تحلیل دیدگاه خویش درباره دستهبندی یادشده، تکفیر معیّن را به آیاتی از قرآن مستند میسازد که در آن خداوند متعال، افرادی را بهصورتخاص بهعنوان کافر معرفی میکند؛ اما ازآنجاکه ابنتیمیه برای صدور حکم تکفیر معیّن، ضوابطی را لازم میداند، ما در این مقاله به بیان و نقد دیدگاههای ایشان در این خصوص پرداخته و نشان دادهایم که ایشان خود به ضوابطی که در خصوص سلب ایمان و نسبت کفر ترسیم میکند، پایبند نیست و بهراحتی به تکفیر و وجوب قتل اهل قبله فتوا میدهد.
Ibn Taymiyya is the greatest Salafi theorist, whose excommunicative (takfīrī) fatwas are still appealed to as pretexts for slaughtering certain groups of Muslims. He regarded the issue of belief and disbelief as a judicial problem, defining disbelief as lack of belief. In a general classification, he divides excommunication into general and specific: in general excommunication, he merely talks about grounds of disbelief and its general attributes, without restricting it to a particular person. However, in specific excommunication, the ruling is directed at a specific individual or group who said or did something that is in contradiction with Islam. In his analysis of this classification, he seeks Quranic evidence for specific excommunication: Quranic verses in which God has characterized certain people as disbelievers. However, Ibn Taymīyya requires certain maxims for the issuance of excommunication. In this paper, we outline and criticize these maxims, showing that he is not committed to his own maxims of attributing belief and disbelief, since he easily excommunicated some Muslims and issued fatwas as to the obligation of killing them.
ملخص الجهاز:
Table of Contents Naqd va Nazar The Quarterly Jornal of Philosophy & Theology Vol. 24, No. 3, Autumn 2019 95 Motivational Unifying Factors for Obtaining Ideal Unity 5 in Civilization in the View of Allāmah Ja’farī Ali Asadian Shams Abdollah Nasri “Umma”, Beyond Civilization in the Quranic View 6 Kawsar Ghasemi Fathiyyeh Fattahizadeh Habibollah Babaei A Structured Re-identification of Science and a Model for 7 its Production and Portrayal in Islamic Sciences Mohammad Hadi Yaghoubnejad A Reflection on the Place of Natural Rights in Motahhari’s Intellectual System 8 Bijan Mansouri The Role of Culture in Religiosity and the Network of Religious Knowledge 9 Qodratollah Qorbani A Consideration of William Alston’s View of Mystical Perception and Its 10 Critique in terms of the Views of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty Easa Najafi Kamal Malekiyan A Critical Consideration of Maxims of Specific Takfīr 11 in the View of Ibn Taymiyyah Abolfazl Fendereski Ali Allah Bedashti Ahmad Abedi The Editorial Board (Persian Alphabetical Order) Alireza Ale bouyeh Assistant Professor of Academy of Islamic Sciences and Culture Sayyid Reza Eshaq nia Assistant Professor of Academy of Islamic Sciences and Culture Reza Berenjkar Professor of Univercity of Tehran (Farabi Campus) Mohsen Javadi Professor of Qom University Hassan Ramzani Assistant Professor of Academy of Islamic Sciences and Culture Muhammad Legenhausen Full Professor of Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute Ahmad Vaezi Professor of Baqir al-'Ulum University ___________________ ● ___________________ Reviewers of this Volume Masoud Omid, Ali Amirkhani, Saeed Bahmani, Ali Bayat, Mostafa Jamalpour, Amir Chakhmaghi, Abbas Heidaripour, Asghar Ramezani, Babak Abbasi, Rasoul Norouzi Firouz, Mohammad Ali Mobini, Mohammad Ali Mirzai, Ali Mirabi, Mohammad Ebrahim Varkiani.