خلاصة:
نظریه جامعه امن از جمله تئوریهای مبتنی بر همکاری و همگرایی میباشد که در حوزه امنیت، مخصوصا امنیت منطقهای ارائه شده است. بر اساس این تئوری کشورها چنان وارد فرآیند همگرایی میشوند که اصولا راههای غیر مسالمتآمیز در حل و فصل اختلافات میان آنها رنگ میبازد و تعامل سازنده میان بازیگران موجبات پیروی از قوانین و اجرای تعهدات فی مابین را فراهم میسازد. با توجه به روابط ناپایدار میان بازیگران منطقه غرب آسیا و تنشهای فزاینده میان آنها، سوال اصلی پژوهش حاضر ناظر به کاربست تئوری جامعه امن در این منطقه میباشد و در پی پاسخ به این سوال هستیم که «بر اساس نظریه جامعه امن، امکان شکلگیری این جامعه در منطقه غرب آسیا به چه صورت میباشد؟» و در پاسخ به این سوال، فرضیه اصلی نیز بر اساس روش کیفی یا رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی است که «منطقه غرب آسیا، با توجه به زمینههای بالقوه تنش و واگرایی آن در بهترین شکل میتواند شاهد شکلگیری جامعه امن سست پیوند و نوظهور باشد». رویکردهای چند جانبه جهت حلوفصل مسائل منطقهای، درک مشترک از تهدیدات، مقابله با معضلات منطقهای بدون توسل به زور در روابط فی مابین، گسترش همکاریهای چندجانبه با احترام به حاکمیت و عدم مداخله در امور داخلی یکدیگر از الزامات شکلگیری انواع دیگری از جامعه امن است که میتواند کشورها را به سمت هویتی مشترک سوق دهد. درحالی که در منطقه غرب آسیا امروزه از این ظرفیتها به نحو شایانی استفاده نشده است
1.Introduction The region of West Asia has long been the focus of numerous crises. On the one hand, the presence and intervention of supra-regional powers have exacerbated these crises, and on the other hand, ethnic-religious difference is the prominent feature of this region, which is one of the main causes of many crises in the region. Numerous factors, from the role of the region in energy supply to the expansion of the influence of trans-regional actors and the pursuit of containment policy, have attracted the attention of great powers to the region at different times. At the regional stage, ethnic and especially religious factors have in many cases led to dispute and crisis, and in some cases even to war. Therefore, according to these facts, the stressors in the region can be classified as follows: the presence and involvement of supra-regional powers in the regional issues as an external factor and ethnic-religious differences as an internal factor. As Buzan (2002) says, "The West Asian security crisis complex is a clear example of a conflicting structure, in addition to being particularly complex and extensive. Determining the exact date of this crisis in the region is difficult. However, the various aspects of the formation of crises in the region have a long history." 2.Method The paper's methodology is an analytical-descriptive approach 3.Results and Discussion Given the unstable relationship between Persian Gulf and West Asian actors and the increasing tensions among them, the main question of the present study is the possibility of forming a Secure Community in the region. According to the theory of Secure Community, how is it possible to form this society in the West Asian region? The response based on the theoretical frameworks is that according to the theory, the West Asian region could, in the most optimistic view, see a tightly – coupled and nascent Secure Community. In fact, the theory of Secure Community is based on cooperation and convergence that has been proposed in the field of security, especially regional security. According to this theory, countries enter into a process of convergence that essentially avoids non-peaceful ways of resolving disputes among them and provides constructive interaction among actors to enforce laws and fulfill obligations among them. 4.Conclusion Multilateral approaches to resolving regional issues, understanding common threats, tackling regional problems without resorting to force, expanding multilateral co-operation with respect to sovereignty, and interfering in the internal affairs of each other are essential requirements for the formation of Secure Community, while these capacities are not widely used in today West Asia.