خلاصة:
Iran in the 19th century was different in foreign policy perspective. The catastrophic failures in Russo-Persian wars, the partition of Caucuses form Iran and the Tsars’ plans for accessing southern seas of Iran, British rule over India and Southern Indian Ocean waterways, all revived the importance of Iran as a buffer country in the Eastern policy of London politicians; events which transformed Iran into a center for Russian-British Bipolar Paradigm rivalry. The Iranian politicians acknowledging the dangers of such dual external rule were seeking a third power to decrease the pressure of their Northern-Southern neighbors. Qajar politicians believed that a third power would be a better balancer against Russia and Britain and would be assisting in the protecting national independence and territorial integrity. On the other side, America as a developed country, which set aside civil wars successfully, with the slogan of friendship and trade, was eager to establish political relations with countries like Iran and sign amity and trade agreements. This was the circumstances in which diplomatic relations between Iran and the US was established in the 19th century (AD).
ملخص الجهاز:
Finally, the Iran-American Amity and shipping treaty signed between Mirza Mohammad Khan and George Marsh in eight articles, on October19th, 1851 (The Fourth Political Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran, 1972, p.
In addition, Mirza Qasim Khan in another letter to the Iranian Foreign Ministry in 12 January 1856 emphasized the necessity for a political relationship and the importance of signing a treaty with the US government.
The Beginning of Iran-US Diplomatic Relations: A Strategy with Two Intentions After the independence of the United States from Britain, the Americans engaged in domestic affairs and the development of their civilizational infrastructure for a century, rejecting European colonialism in the Eastern countries according to the values of the American founders, while the Monroe Doctrine led American leaders.
Along with the two different intentions of Iran and the United States to open diplomatic relations, the lack of a self-consistent structure in Iran's foreign policy and the consequent lack of long-term strategies in country's public interest, were another reasons for Iran's failure about the third power policy.
Therefore, it could not cooperate with the policy of the Third power, which was to the detriment of British interests, in a way that the concessions and benefits that Amir Kabir had made to Iran in the Treaty of Amity and Shipping in 1850 with the United States were revised in a new version and all the Amir’s achievements vanished in the treaty which was signed by the order of Mirza Agha Khan Nouri in 1857.