خلاصة:
Problem statement: The most important architectural monuments of the Mongol period
(7th and 8th centuries AH/14th and 15th centuries AD) were built in the land of Azerbaijan,
which was the political center of the Mongol state.
Some of these important architectural monuments are such as a Maragheh Observatory,
numerous monuments in Tabriz, such as the mosque, caravanserai, and the bazaar, as
well as two Ghazaniyya settlements and Rabi Rashidi. One of the most important cities
in this period is Soltanieh, which construction and development of the city, in this period,
was due to the passage of major trade routes. Meanwhile, a new area that has recently
been discovered and excavated is the city of Ujan, which has been selected and built as
the summer capital of the Ilkhans due to its large meadows and also being located at the
crossroads of Central Asia to Mesopotamia and northwest to the Central Plateau of Iran.
An important building has been found in this city, which has been excavated and studied
for 4 seasons, and during this excavation, interesting and remarkable information about
Ilkhanid architecture has been obtained.
Research objective: Therefore, in this article, we intend to introduce the architecture
of the building found in this city, which is the government citadel and castle and study
the Ilkhanid architecture based on the works found in this city. This article has been
written with an archaeological approach and according to the archaeological excavations
carried out in this area and intends to present a report of four seasons of excavation in the
government citadel and castle of the historical city of Ujan, which was built on the ruins
and remnants of ancient period Seljuq.
Conclusion: The architects of the Ujan, were not only influenced by the style and pattern
of Seljuq architecture, but also by the architectural style of the previous periods of Iran,
they presented a new pattern and method in making and decorating architectural works.
ملخص الجهاز:
This article has been written with an archaeological approach and according to the archaeological excavations carried out in this area and intends to present a report of four seasons of excavation in the government citadel and castle of the historical city of Ujan, which was built on the ruins and remnants of ancient period Seljuq.
The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism Introduction Mongols' invasion Iran in 7AH/14AD with following formidable consequences and the Ilkhanid government, not only attracted historians but attracted curiosity and attention of other scholars such as archaeologists.
Historical sources 74 The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism Bagh-e Nazar, 17(90), 73-86/ Dec. 2020 present valuable information about Maragheh, Tabriz, and Soltanieh, and rarely Ujan.
Considering Ilkhanid transhumance life style, they paid special attention to summer meadows of northwestern Iran, especially Azerbaijan, which led to the emergence of many residential areas across Azerbaijan including capitals such as Tabriz and Maragheh, and centers such as Takht-i-Soleiman and Ujan (Danti, 2007, 113); (Fig. 5).
Tabriz was another city that prospered during the Ilkhanid period and elected as the capital after Maragheh, while for commercial and economic reasons it was famous even for the most remote (View the image of this page) Fig. 5.
However, recent archaeological activities recovered and introduced Ujan and its architectural remains including citadel, palace, a cave-temple similar to cave temple of Maragheh, and several tomb towers that dated to seljuqs era and renovated at Ilkhanids reign (Figs.
The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism 85 Trans.