خلاصة:
هرچند مصونیت کیفری مقامات رسمی نزد محاکم بینالمللی محل تردید نبوده و اسناد مؤسس و رویۀ این محاکم بر عدم مصونیت سران و مقامات دولتها صحه میگذارند، اما استناد به مصونیت این مقامات نزد محاکم داخلی کشورها همواره محل بحث بوده است و لزوم محاکمۀ مرتکبین جنایات بینالمللی، صرفنظر از مقام و جایگاه آنها و همچنین لزوم اجرای عدالت کیفری و مبارزه با بیکیفرمانی درخصوص همۀ متهمان، بر مباحثات علمی در این خصوص افزوده است. محاکم داخلی برخی کشورها نیز ضمن پذیرش این استدلالها، محاکمۀ مقامات رسمی سایر کشورها را شروع نمودهاند و همین امر لزوم تبیین جنبههای مختلف موضوع را در پرتو تحولات نوین حقوق بینالملل آشکار مینماید. کمیسیون حقوق بینالملل سازمان ملل متحد نیز در راستای وظیفۀ خود در خصوص تدوین و توسعۀ حقوق بینالملل، بر آن شد که موضوع مصونیت کیفری مقامات رسمی نزد محاکم داخلی کشورها را در دستور کار قرار دهد. تاکنون شش مادۀ اولیه طرح به تصویب مقدماتی کمیسیون رسیده و مادۀ هفت نیز با عنوان استثنائات این نوع از مصونیت در حال بررسی است.
Although the immunity of the officials to international courts is not in doubt and the founding and procedural documents of these courts confirm the non-immunity of the heads of state and officials, referring the immunity of these officials to the domestic courts has always been the subject of debate. In particular, with the domination of human rights discourse in recent decades and the need to prosecute perpetrators of international crimes, regardless of their position and the need for the implementation of criminal justice and the fight against impunity for all defendants, has added to the scientific debates on this subject. The domestic courts of some countries, by accepting these arguments, began to prosecute the officials of other countries, which highlights the need to explain various aspects of the subject in light of the recent developments in international law. The United Nations Commission of International Law, in compliance with its task of codification and developing international law, intended to put the issue of criminal immunity of officials by the domestic courts in his agenda. So far, six articles of draft have been approved preliminary and article 7 about exceptions of such immunity is under consideration.
ملخص الجهاز:
Second report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras.
Second report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras.
Third report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras 131-150.
Third report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras 131-150.
Third report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras 131-150.
Third report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, Paras 131-150.
Fourth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, paras.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.
2. Fifth report on the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction By Concepción Escobar Hernández, Special Rapporteur, para.