Iran-US Confrontation in the International System مقالة

مؤلف: TALEIHUR، RAHBAR ؛

Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs Winter and Spring 2019, Volume 10 - Number 1 التصنيف ج (Ministry of Science/ISC (‎28 صفحة - من 45 إلی 72 )

الکلمات المفتاحية: hegemony the Islamic Republic of Iran United States of America neo-Gramscian viewpoint

خلاصة:

The relationship between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran has been a confrontational one in the past four decades and been influenced by the nature of the Islamic Revolution and its derived system. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States tried to expand its ideals and structure of the desired order by using the power components in international system as a hegemonic power. However, Iran generally considers the US hegemony as a special type of domination and given the nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a unique ideological discourse, the resistance against the domination hegemony is necessary and therefore counter-hegemonic strategies and policies have always been Iranian policy priorities. This article aims to investigate the relationships between the two countries by using descriptive-analytical method in the framework of Neo-Gramscianism and in the hegemony power and counter-hegemony forms. The findings of the article show that in order to maintain its position of hegemony, the US has applied policies such as the coercive diplomacy, the soft warfare, de-legitimization of Iran and legitimization of the use of pressure through the international institutions against the country. In response Iran has tried to confront the US hegemonic position by adopting self-reliance policies, by making alliances and coalitions as well as pursuing independent political discourse in international system.

ملخص الجهاز:

The review of the transformation process on the structure of the international system after the cold war specify that how this structure has been practically converted from a bipolar structure to mono-polar one, and finally, how this structural transformation has led to change the United states position as the only superior power in the system, and in turn, how it could influence on America’s foreign policy in the world. (Hobden and Wyn Jones, 2001: 211) The Islamic Republic of Iran, which was established on the profound cultural and religious foundation, from the beginning of its victory has not accepted the existing international order and with respect to its global aspirations, this country has presented itself as an anti-hegemonic power and has attempted to challenge the available hegemony order in international system with its policies and strategies. From the beginning of 2009 till the last months of 2009 and in the early months of 2010, a combination of factors, including, some ambiguous reports of the IAEA ( international Atomic Ebergy Organization ), particularly under the presidency of Yokio Amano, disclosing Fordow enrichment site near Qom, Iranian unrests in 2009, lack of progress in nuclear talks between Iran and the United States, domestic pressures on Obama by the neoconservatives and other factors led to the abandonment of engagement policy and adopting economic sanctions by the US government on Iran (Hosseini Matin, 2012: 222). In fact, the United States seeks to achieve a global ideological leadership in the world by using its soft power in the form of culture, politics and values (Adami and Qureyshi, 2014: 211-212).

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