خلاصة:
In American history, the ‘Black body’ has been commodified both during the slavery era and in the contemporary period whereby the private management of prisons has partly resulted to mass Black incarceration. The abolition of slavery some 150 years ago is still fairly recent compared to the 400 years it was practiced: thus some of the heinous treatments by slave owners were carried over into the criminal justice system, causing the police, jury, judges, etc., to treat Black people unequally and unfairly compared to their White counterparts. From the ‘proceedings of the rebellious negroes’ in the slavery era to the racialized media coverages of police brutality against Black people, Black protests, treatment of criminal suspects, etc., the American mass media have been identified as playing a major role in the maintenance of the deep racist structures that perpetuate mass Black incarceration. This paper links up some historical practices against Black people with the contemporary racist practices in order to show that slavery is still functionally alive in America and manifests concretely through the justice system: this paper aims at amplifying the ongoing debates toward obliterating the remnants of slavery in America.
در تاریخ آمریکا، «بدن سیاه» هم در دوران برده‌داری و هم در دوره معاصر کالایی بوده است که مدیریت خصوصی زندان‌ها تا حدی موجب حبس گسترده سیاه‌پوستان شده است. لغو برده‌داری در حدود 150 سال پیش در مقایسه با 400 سالی که مورد استفاده قرار گرفته هنوز نسبتا جدید است. بنابراین، برخی از رفتارهای شنیع صاحبان برده به سیستم عدالت کیفری منتقل شده و باعث شده است پلیس، هیئت منصفه، قضات و غیره در رفتار با همتایان سفیدپوست خود و مردم سیاه‌پوست نابرابر و غیرعادلانه رفتار کنند. از «اقدامات شیاطین عصیانگر» در دوران برده‌داری گرفته تا پوشش رسانه‌ای نژادپرستانه وحشیگری پلیس علیه سیاه‌پوستان، اعتراضات سیاه‌پوستان، رفتار با مظنونان جنایی و غیره، مشخص شده است که رسانه‌های جمعی آمریکا نقش مهمی در حفظ ساختارهای نژادپرستانه عمیقی دارند که موجب حبس گسترده سیاه‌پوستان شده است. این نوشتار برخی از اقدامات تاریخی علیه سیاه‌پوستان را با شیوه‌های نژادپرستانه معاصر پیوند می‌زند تا نشان دهد که برده‌داری همچنان در آمریکا زنده است و به‌طور مشخص از طریق سیستم عدالت آشکار می‌شود. هدف این نوشتار، تقویت بحث‌های جاری درباره نابودی بقایای برده‌داری در آمریکاست.
ملخص الجهاز:
1 Given the uncomfortable historical records that underscore the systemic racism, the paper investigates whether there have been any visible attempts by the mass media and scholars to blur out or delink the current political and economic status of Black people in America from the 400 years or more of systemic oppression: the deep structures of racism that took centuries to crystallize still undoubtedly reverberate even though it is over 150 years since the official abolition of slavery in America.
4 The paper traces the major slave uprisings and their significances, including how the mass media in part two of this paper, spread fears and falsehood about slaves and their activities which helped to drive sales of newspapers: they reported what White people who owned the slaves as well as real estate property considered very important, a practice that still underlines their coverage of Black activities in America.
It took more than 200 years between the first batch of slaves that arrived in America and the Stono Rebellion in 1739, which was the first impactful revolution of the enslaved people, thus paving way for the other uprisings such as the New York City Conspiracy of 1741, Gabriel’s Conspiracy of 1800, etc.
And since 80 % of jury members are White people, the police official positions and the racialized media See: Haven Orecchio-Egresitz, A 17-year-old White Supremacist Apologized for Her Plot to Attack a Black Georgia Church and was Sentenced to Juvenile Detention’ Business Insider (23 October 2020), https://www.
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