خلاصة:
سالمندان نیاز به توجه و مراقبت پزشکی و روانپزشکی مطلوب دارند، و انتخاب رویکرد مناسب درمانی برای مراقبتهای روانشناختی ایشان به ویژه در سالمندان دچار اختلال شناختی در بهبود علائم روانشناختی و سلامت آنها اثرگذار خواهد بود. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش مقایسۀ اثربخشی شوخطبعی درمانی و بازتوانی شناختی بر بیقراری و بیتفاوتی مردان سالمند مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف بود. روش پژوهش نیمهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان مرد دچار اختلال شناختی خفیف و مقیم سراهای سالمندی استان البرز بود. ابتدا آسایشگاه خیریه کهریزک بهروش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب شد، سپس بر اساس ملاکهای ورود، 51 سالمند انتخاب و بهطور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی (شوخطبعی و بازتوانی شناختی) و یک گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. سیاهه بیقراری کوهن-منسفیلد، مقیاس بیتفاوتی مارین و ارزیابی شناختی مونترال-پایه برای گردآوری دادهها استفاده شد. گروه مداخله شوخطبعی، مهارت شوخطبعی مکگی و گروه بازتوانی شناختی، راهبردها و فنون بازتوانی شناختی کلی و اوسالیوان را بهطور مجزا در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقهای دریافت کردند و گروه کنترل در این مدت هیچ مداخلهای دریافت نکرد. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس تک متغیری نشان داد مداخله شوخطبعی موجب کاهش بیقراری و بیتفاوتی شد. بازتوانی شناختی نیز موجب کاهش بیقراری و بیتفاوتی شد. همچنین شوخطبعی درمانی و بازتوانی شناختی تفاوت معناداری در کاهش بیقراری و بیتفاوتی نداشتند. بــا توجــه بــه اثــربخشی هر دو مداخله در کاهش بیقراری و بیتفاوتی در این پژوهش مــیتوان از این مداخلات برای بهبــود علائم روانشناختی، عملکرد فردی و روابــط بیــن فــردی سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف اســتفاده کرد.
The elderly need proper medical and psychiatric care and attention. So, choosing an appropriate therapeutic method for their psychological care, especially in the elderly with cognitive impairment, will be effective in improving their psychological symptoms and health. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation on agitation and apathy in male elders with mild cognitive impairment. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male elderly with mild cognitive impairment residing of nursing homes in Alborz province, Iran. At first, Kahrizak Charity Hospice was selected by purposeful sampling method, and then 51 elderly people were selected based on inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (humor and cognitive rehabilitation) and one control group. Cohen-Mansfield’s Agitation Inventory, Apathy’s Evaluation Scale and Montreal’s Cognitive Assessment-Basic were used to collect data. The two intervention groups received eight 90-minute sessions of Humor therapy based on the Mcghee’s 7 Humor Habits Program and Kelly and O’Sullivan’s Cognitive Rehabilitation, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The results of univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that humor therapy reduces agitation and apathy. Moreover, cognitive rehabilitation reduced agitation and apathy. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in terms of reducing agitation and apathy. 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