خلاصة:
در سالهای اخیر، گسترش بیرویۀ فضایی شهرها در کنار بیبرنامگی طرحهای توسعه بهویژه در شهرهای بزرگ کشور نظیر تبریز به ایجاد بافتهای نو شهری و در پی آن جابهجایی ساکنان و کاربریها به مناطق جدید انجامیده است؛ درنتیجه بافتهای تاریخی و قدیمی این شهرها کارکرد خود را تغییر داده و به مناطق فرسودۀ شهری تبدیل و درنتیجة از دست دادن حیات شهری خود راکد و فرسوده شدهاند. شهر تبریز بهلحاظ داشتن چنین بخشهایی بهویژه در منطقۀ 8، نیازمند مطالعاتی درزمینۀ سیاستگذاری و شناسایی عوامل کلیدی برای توسعۀ میانافزای این مناطق بهمنظور توسعۀ پایدار هوشمند است؛ بدین منظور ابتدا با مطالعۀ اسناد فرادست، تمامی عوامل دخیل در توسعۀ هوشمند و میانافزای بافت فرسودۀ شهری مطالعه و با استفاده از روش دلفی، تعداد 53 متغیر (34 متغیر توسعۀ هوشمند و 19 مؤلفۀ توسعۀ میانافزا) در حوضۀ یادشده استخراج شد. برای تحلیل دادهها از روش تحلیل آثار متقابل/ ساختاری با نرمافزار FL Micmac استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان از نزدیکی ضرایب بهدستآمده در رابطه با عوامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار (در بازۀ عددی بین 104 تا 106) و تأثیرپذیر (در بازۀ عددی بین 105 تا 107) دارد که میبایست در سیاستگذاری بافتهای تاریخی به این عوامل توجه بسیاری داشت. با مطالعه، بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج بهدستآمده، هفت عامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار توسعۀ هوشمند شامل خلاقیت با ضریب 106، روح نوآورانه با ضریب 106، مدیریت پایدار منابع با ضریب 106، دسترسی محلی با ضریب 106، حملونقل پایدار و خلاق و ایمن با ضریب 16/105، حفاظت محیطی با ضریب 16/105 و انعطافپذیری با ضریب 16/105 و سه عامل کلیدی تأثیرپذیر توسعۀ میانافزا شامل سرانههای شهری با ضریب 106، فضای کار و فعالیت با ضریب 16/105 و تراکم جمعیتی با ضریب 83/105 که بیشترین نقش را در بازآفرینی آیندۀ بافتهای ناکارآمد کلانشهر تبریز با تأکید بر توسعۀ هوشمند شهری دارند، انتخاب شدند. همچنین نمودار بهدستآمده از تأثیر مستقیم عوامل مبین ناپایداری سیستم و احتمال بسیار زیاد تغییرات شدید در آیندهای نزدیک است.
Extent AbstractIntroductionNew urbanization developments and the emergence of problems in the world have made the central cities of metropolitan areas more vulnerable to the adverse effects of urban development compared to other urban areas. Meanwhile, technological advances have accelerated the population change and increased urban populations. This volume of rapid urbanization has had a significant impact on ancient and historical textures. The ancient and historic cores of cities with a large population of mostly immigrants in recent years have been continually deformed and their textures have been eroded. Therefore, urban planners around the world are working to integrate models of urban development so as to meet the demands and expectations of today's world by integrating all aspects of urbanization.One of the new concepts to address the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is smart city development. The smart city is at the heart of the evolution of the 3rd millennium and means opening up of new concepts in urban planning, which combines real-world and virtual world capabilities to solve urban problems. One of the most important projects for the development of worn-out textures, on which planners and city officials have now focused, is the idea of infill development. This theory is one of the categories of urban smart growth and if it is applied correctly, the development of old and worn-out urban areas can be strengthened.Tabriz is one of the oldest residential centers of Iran and an important city in different natural, political, demographic, and other aspects. The metropolis needs several goals to refurbish and modernize the worn-out areas in the form of smart and infill developments so as to maintain its core pillars. One of these goals is providing the basis for optimal urban development and analyzing the infill development in the context of urban development. Prioritizing the indicators, providing sub-themes of the research subject, and identifying the key variables of interstate development policies were the goals of this research. MethodologyA smart city has 6 features: smart shifting, smart economy, smart environment, smart community, smart life, and smart government. In the present study, the subsets of each of these 6 key factors, along with the infill development factors, were studied by measuring their interactions in a matrix. In this regard, the current study intended to identify the priority areas for future planning by examining different aspects of urban smart development and infill development and propose optimal strategies for effectively implementing such developments. The structural equation modeling was utilized to investigate the research conceptual model in detail. For this purpose, the opinions of 50 experts were gathered.To estimate the impacts of smart growth and interdependent development, the researchers created a 53-by-53 matrix by taking into account 34 urban smart development subdivisions and 19 interdisciplinary development subsystems with regard to indigenous and territorial conditions within the system.The 50 experts were provided with the matrix in order to identify the impact of each subsystem in the system. DiscussionThe researchers prepared a questionnaire to determine the weights of the criteria, besides conducting a survey on the opinions of the 50 experts in Tabriz University and Municipality.A total of 53 criteria were identified in a table for the two main factors of smart development and interstate development. Then, by placing these factors in a 53-by-53 matrix, their effects on each other were determined after weighting them.After determining the degree of influence and effectiveness of each of the smart development and infill development factors in the worn-out areas of Tabriz City, the relationship between these factors were investigated using Micmac software. With respect to the bi-directional variables, there was only one factor -- land use compatibility -- related to infill development and the rest of the components were among the factors that affected smart development, indicating the importance of having such development in urban growth and development. The future of the city of Tabriz in different aspects, as well as the development of its worn-out urban textures in particular, could be tied to this kind of development. ConclusionThe current research was undertaken as the first step in studying the impacts of macroeconomic policies on sustainable development and infill development as two interrelated issues. Hence, new horizons were created for the smart development of the worn-out areas of Tabriz. The results showed the prominence of the 3 critical factors of technological infrastructure, creativity, and innovation and ultimately, social and corporate cohesion in the infill development of historic and worn-out areas.A look at the results clearly revealed the impact of urban smart development on infill development that inevitably need to be further explored in planning the developments of the burnt urban areas so as to achieve a comprehensive development. Keywords: urban smart development, infill development, regeneration, worn-out tissue, Tabriz City References- Alvarez, F. (2009). The future internet. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York.- Aly, S. S., & Attwa, Y. A. (2013). 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ملخص الجهاز:
با مطالعه ، بررسي و تجزيه و تحليل نتايج به دست آمده ، هفت عامل کليدي تأثيرگذار توسعۀ هوشمند شامل خلاقيت با ضريب ١٠٦، روح نوآورانه با ضـريب ١٠٦، مديريت پايدار منابع با ضريب ١٠٦، دسترسي محلي با ضريب ١٠٦، حمل ونقل پايدار و خلاق و ايمن با ضـريب ١٠٥/١٦، حفاظـت محيطي با ضريب ١٠٥/١٦ و انعطاف پذيري با ضريب ١٠٥/١٦ و سه عامل کليدي تأثيرپذير توسعۀ ميان افـزا شـامل سـرانه هـاي شـهري بـا ضريب ١٠٦، فضاي کار و فعاليت با ضريب ١٠٥/١٦ و تراکم جمعيتي با ضريب ١٠٥/٨٣ که بيشترين نقش را در بازآفريني آيندة بافت هاي ناکارآمد کلان شهر تبريز با تأکيد بر توسعۀ هوشمند شهري دارند، انتخاب شدند.
يکي از اين چالش ها، باززنده سازي مراکز فرسودة شهري در قالب اين نوع توسـعه است (٢٧٩ :٢٠٠١ ,Peiser)؛ براي نمونه شهرهاي هوشمند در اروپا عمدتا بر مسائل مربوط به انرژي و پايداري تأکيـد کرده اند؛ اين مسئله در احداث ساختمان ها و واحدهاي همسايگي هوشمند تحت ليسانس بريام و تأثيرات اقتصـادي در بافت هاي تاريخي ديده ميشود (٢٦ :٢٠١٢ ,Donnelly &Harrison ;١٦ :٢٠١٣ ,Meijer)؛ بر همـين اسـاس اثـر ايـن توسعه و تلفيق آن با نظريۀ توسعۀ ميان افزا مي تواند قدمي بسيار نوآورانه ، انديشمندانه و آينده نگرانـه در مسـير مبحـث باززنده سازي بافت هاي فرسوده محسوب شود؛ به بيان ديگر شهر هوشمند بـا ايجـاد اجتمـاعي سـازي ، بهبـود تصـوير ذهني، جوانب فعاليت و محتوا و درنهايت ارتباط و دسترسي انسان محورانه ، به برنامه ريزي هرچه بهتر توسعۀ ميان افـزا کمک ميکند (٤٥٨ :٢٠١٣ ,Attwa &Aly ).
Theoretical approaches related to infill development (به تصویر صفحه رجوع شود) درحقيقت فصل مشترک شهر هوشمند و توسعۀ ميان افزا اين است که هر دو شيوة توسـعه ، شـيوه هـايي پيشـنهادي براي اصلاح روندهاي توسعه هستند؛ يکي در حوضۀ سياست گذاري کلان (در رابطه با اقتصاد، محيط ، حمل ونقل و...