خلاصة:
شناخت نیازها و وضعیت سلامت سالمندان از مسائل مهم جامعه است و برای توانمندسازی و بهبود شرایط‌شان باید راهکارهای نوین درمانی و توان‌بخشی مورد پژوهش قرار گیرد. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی بازتوانی شناختی و درمان مبتنی برشفقت بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف انجام شد. پژوهــش حاضــر از از نوع نیمــه‌تجربــی و از طــرح پیش‌‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل با پیگیری یک ماهه بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف شهر تهران بود که به پایگاه‌های سلامت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در سال 1400 مراجعه کرده بودند و از بین آنها نمونه‌ای 42 سالمند بر مبنای ملاک‌های ورود به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش بازتوانی شناختی و درمان مبتنی بر شفقت و یک گروه کنترل جایگزین شدند. بازتوانی شناختی و درمان مبتنی بر شفقت هر یک طی 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای برای گروه‌های آزمایش اجرا شد و گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکرد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه‌های انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی دنیس و وندروالبود. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیــل کوواریانس در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 26 تحلیــل شــدند. نتایج نشان داد که بازتوانی شناختی و درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بر متغیرهای ادراک کنترل پـذیری، ادراک توجیه رفتار و ادراک گزینـه‌های مختلف در سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف مؤثر بود (05/0>P). درمان مبتنی بر بازتوانی شناختی در متغیر ادراک توجیه بیشتر از گروه درمان مبتنی برشفقت بود. براساس نتایج حاصل از پژوهش می‌توان از بسته‌های آموزشی این پژوهش در آسایشگاه‌ها و سراهای سالمندان برای ارتقای سطح زندگی بهره برد.
Recognizing the needs and health status of the elderly is a decisive issue of any society, and to empower and improve the elderly’s conditions, innovative therapeutic and rehabilitative approches should be investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy on cognitive flexibility of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living in Tehran who referred to the health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, among whom 42 people were selected using purpesful sampling method and randomly assigned to the cognitive rehabilitation, compassion-based therapy, and control groups. Each of the theraputetic methods of cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy was performed for the related experimental groups in eight 90- minute sessions, and the control group received no training at this time. The measure applied in this study included Dennis and Vander Wal’s cognitive flexibility questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-26 software. The results revealed that both cognitive rehabilitation and compassion-based therapy were effective on the variables of perceived control, perceived behavioral justification, and perceived choice in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (pReferencesAbdulabadi, H., Pilevar, S., & Sarmi, A. (2015). The Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive functions, memory, depression and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis. Shafaie Khatam. 4(3), 5-38. https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.2022.3272.1 [Persian]Agapoff IV JR, Maixner S, Takeshita J, Nikogosyan G, Kirwin P. (2022). 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