خلاصة:
در این جستار، مفاهیم پایداری در اشعار عاشورایی یزد به‌روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و استشهادی با هدف تأویل درون‌مایۀ اشعار عاشورایی در چارچوب حماسه و عرفان بررسی می‌شود. در اشعار عاشورایی یزد، جنبه‌های زیبایی‌شناختی و هنری، چنان با محتوای اشعار و اعتقاد سرایندگان درهم تنیده‌اند که نقطۀ عطفی در گسترش بیان مفاهیم پایداری و پراکنده‌کردن این نوع پیام به شمار می‌رود. شاعر آیینی یزد با آمیزش دو زبان ادیبانۀ فارسی و زبان عامۀ مردم و با کاربرد ادبیات محلی، اندیشه و مفاهیم موجود در فرهنگ و مکتب شهادت را به‌شکلی روشن بیان می‌کند. دستاورد این روند باعث شده است در ماورای اشتراکات موضوعی اشعار عاشورایی، مفاهیم پایداری در دو محور حماسه و عرفان، زینت‌بخش این نوع اشعار شوند و فصل تازه‌ای در تاروپود این دسته اشعار، با بهره‌گیری از این دو عنصر جلوه‌گری کند؛ به‌طوری‌که اشعار عاشورایی با هاله‌ای از حماسه و عرفان و از دریچۀ عواطف و بُکا، درس‌های مختلف ارزش‌شناختی و انسان‌شناختی را به بشر می‌آموزند. بدیهی است پیوند عاطفه، عرفان و حماسۀ عاشورایی با اندیشه‌های پایداری، باعث غنا و اعتلای شعر آیینی، تبیین فلسفۀ عاشورا، ادبیات جبهه و جنگ و گسترش شعر فارسی شده است.
In this study, the concept of resistance in the Ashurai poems of Yazd is investigated using descriptive-analytical and testimonial methods with the aim of interpreting the content of the Ashurai poems in the context of epics and mysticism. In the Ashurai poems of Yazd, the aesthetic and artistic aspects are so intertwined with the content of the poems and the beliefs of the composers that it is considered a turning point in the expansion of the expression of the concepts of resistance and the spread of this type of message. The ritual poet of Yazd clearly states the thoughts and concepts that exist in the culture and school of martyrdom by mixing both the Persian literary language and the common language of the people and also using local literature. The achievement of this process has caused that beyond the thematic commonalities of Ashura poems, the concept of resistance in the two axes of epic and mysticism have become the adornment of these types of poems and a new chapter in the fabric of this category of poems has emerged by using these two elements. Thus, the Ashurai poems teach mankind different values and anthropological lessons using an aura of epic and mysticism through the window of emotions and sorrow. It is obvious that the connection of Ashura's emotion, mysticism, and epic with resistance thoughts has led to the enrichment and elevation of ritual poetry, the explanation of Ashura's philosophy, the literature of the front and war, and the expansion of Persian poetry. Keywords: Resistance, Epic, Mysticism, Ashura Poetry, Yazd. Introduction Considering the vastness of the subject of Ashura, every poet tries to create a new theme in this type of poetry. Since poetry has a gentle and expressive language, the promotion of many religious cultures can be more effective in the form of poetry. By stating this introduction, the Ashura poets of Yazd portray stable categories with eloquent language and elegant words, a language close to local literature, taking into account different readings of ritual poetry and taking help from Ashura culture. This study tries to answer the following two research questions: 1) How did the Ashura poems of Yazd express the concepts of resistance in the two axes of epic and mysticism? 2) What role does the Ashura poetry of Yazd play in the development of resistance poetry and explanation of Ashura culture? Materials and Methods In this study, the concept of resistance in Ashurai poems is analyzed using descriptive-analytical and testimonial methods with the aim of interpreting the content of Ashurai poems in the context of epics and mysticism. Research Findings The Ashurai poet sees martyrdom as a supreme goal, and by proposing it, he wants to free everything from the shackles of the world, as he considers the conversation of the leader of Karbala with "water" as the passion of martyrdom. The poetry of martyrdom arises from the poet’s inner feelings and emotions. On the other hand, one of the manifestations of the desire for connection (the theme of mysticism) is reflected in the words of the poet. Finally, the connection of Hosseini’s epic with the Islamic Revolution’s epic is one of the resistant themes that is frequently seen in Yazd Ashurai poems and contemporary poets. These poets digest Ashura mysticism and epic in the body of art and culture in a wide range, and in the realm of speech, they adapt words, compositions, images, and songs. These effects are more visible in the stage of resistance literature. In fact, war and frontline literature is the same stout tree of Ashura literature that has grown in the bed of Persian literature after the Islamic Revolution. Discussion of Results and Conclusions Ashura is the entanglement of passion and intelligence, and the poetry of Ashura is, in fact, a form of Shia protest against all tyrannical and oppressive institutions. Therefore, the main theme of Ashurai poetry is the confrontation between the forces of truth and falsehood. The Ashura poet of Yazd enters the field of resistance literature in the two realms of "message and art" and "matter and face" and tries to advance these two realms in two or three axes (emotion, epic, and mysticism). While integrating the words, by tying emotions and imagination in a melodious language, the poet connects the audience with the inner and spiritual context of the poem through the window of feeling, and by using emotional themes, he enters the arena of the epic. In addition, by strengthening the epic tone and traces of education, he shows the message of resistance. For this reason, the poet creates new concepts beyond words, and by keeping in mind the principle of Ashura in the frame of mysticism and using beautiful literary art, in addition to the eloquence of speech, he promotes the concept of sustainability. By taking inspiration from the Qur'an and hadiths, the poets advance the two content and artistic aspects of Ashurai poetry with two wings of creativity and intellectual and artistic innovation at the peak of the development of stable poetry and pick a cluster from the stout tree of Ashurai poetry and explain the philosophy of Ashura. In this way, without distortion, they also improve Persian poetry. Therefore, during the Ashura ceremony, it is not fair to just repeat the image of mourning and suffering.
ملخص الجهاز:
١ـ١ بيان مسئله ١) اشعار عاشورايي يزد در دو محور حماسه و عرفان ، چگونه به بيان مفاهيم پايداري پرداخته است ؟ ٢) شعر عاشورايي يزد چه نقشي در گسترش شعر پايداري و تبيين فرهنگ عاشورا دارد؟ ١ـ٢ پيشينۀ پژوهش اشعار عاشورايي، زيرمجموعۀ ادبيات آييني است و با توجه به اينکه بخشي مهمي از متون کهن فارسي در دو حـوزٔە شـعر و نثـر، صبغۀ ديني دارند، با مروري گذرا بر پيشينۀ مکتوب شعر و ادب آييني ، بر قدمت يازده سـده اي آن مي تـوان مهـر تأييـد نهـاد؛ بنـابراين قلمرو موضوعي ادبيات آييني بسيار گسترده است که مي توان به پژوهش هاي ذيل اشاره کرد: «عاشورا در آيينۀ شعر معاصـر از نـرگس انصاري ، شرح منظومۀ ظهر از غلامرضا کافي ، عاشورا و شعر فارسي از حسن گل محمدي ، شـکوه شـعر عاشـورا در زبـان فارسـي و کاروان شعر عاشورا از محمدعلي مجاهدي ، فرهنگ عاشورا و پيام هاي عاشوا از جواد محدثي ، دانش نامـۀ شـعر عاشـورايي و عاشـورا در شعر معاصر و فرهنگ عاّمه از مرضيه محمدزاده ، ادبيات عاشـورا از محمـدعلي مردانـي ، خـط خـون و تحليـل و بررسـي اشـعار عاشورايي از سّيد علي موسوي و حبيب الله رزم جويي، نقد و تحليل شعر عاشورايي از علي کاظم مصلاوي و...
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