واکاوی امکانات بالقوّه و بالفعل هم‌آمیزی مدال برای گسترش کارگان موسیقی کلاسیک ایرانی؛ مطالعهٔ موردی: «داد و بیداد» و دستگاه شور به همراه متعلّقات آن از روایت عبدالله دوامی مقالة

یکی از امکانات بالقوّهٔ موجود در کارگان، هم‌آمیزی دو موجودیّت مُدال و حصول یک موجودیّت مُدال مستقل از آن‌ها است. یکی از نمونه‌های شاخص این امکان، «مقام داد و بیداد»، ابداع حسین علیزاده است. این مورد که در ادبیات موسیقی‌شناسی از نمونه‌های شاخص خلّاقیت در موسیقی کلاسیک ایران محسوب می‌شود، با استفاده از هم‌آمیزی امکانات مُدال دو موجودیّت مُدال «داد» از دستگاه ماهور و «بیداد» از دستگاه همایون پدید آمده است. بررسی لایه‌های زیرین و نهان ردیف نشان می‌دهد که امکان مذکور به‌صورت کاملاً سنّتی در بطن ردیف نیز به کار رفته است. مقالهٔ حاضر با استفاده از روش‌های توصیفی، تحلیلی و تطبیقی در راستای تلاش برای گسترش کارگان، با مطالعهٔ دو گروه نمونهٔ مطالعاتی امکان و چگونگی حصول موجودیّت‌های مُدال جدیدی را از طریق هم‌آمیزی‌های مُدال، استخراج و معرّفی کرده است. اطّلاعات لازم از طریق بررسی آثار صوتی و مکتوب، مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و همچنین تجربیات عملی نگارنده گردآوری شده‌اند. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد هم‌آمیزی فضا‌های مُدال فرایندی متمایز از «مُدگردی» یا «مرکّب‌نوازی/خوانی» در موسیقی کلاسیک ایرانی است. در چنین فرایندی موجودیّت‌های مُدال فرضی «الف» و «ب»، فضایی را به وجود می‌آورند که بسته به توانایی و ذوق خالق آن، از لحاظ موسیقایی معادل «اب»، «با» یا حتّی عنوان مستقل «ج» خواهد بود.

The present repertoire of Iranian classical music, Radif, is known for seven Dastgah and six Avaz. Generally, "Dastgah" itself is considered a closed logic with the framework it creates. Due to the fact that this framework is based on a permutation of modal entities, it is considered flexible and semi-frozen. In other words, it is feasible to have Dastgah-ha (s. Dastgah) as many narrators as there are existing or nonexistent modal entities that have not yet been created. It is even possible to rearrange and recreate a Dastgah with a different structure and modal order from among the current Dastgah-ha; the same as before the freezing of the repertoire, where each master, arising from each "Maktab,” presented his account of it. One of the potential feasibilities in the repertoire is combining two modal entities and obtaining one modal entity from them. One of the prominent examples of this feasibility is "Dad-o Bidad,” invented and created by Hossein Alizadeh. This case, which is considered one of the notable examples of creativity in Iranian classical music in the musicology literature, was created by combining the modal characteristics of two entities, "Dad" from Dastgah-e Mahur and "Bidad" from Dastgah-e Homayun.The bottom layers of the Radif reveal that the mentioned feasibility has been used and introduced in a completely traditional manner inside the Radif. "Zirkesh-e Salmak," as a turning point in the construction of the Dastgah-e Shur, acts as a bridge between two general sections, "Shur" and "Salmak" or "Shahnaz.” In this modal entity, the modal behavior of "Shur" and "Salmak" are combined, like "Dad-o Bidad.” Therefore, the “Zirkesh-e Salmak” is considered as an initial space for the occurrence of “Salmak” at macro-level. Apart from "Zirkesh-e Salmak,” this potential modal feasibility has been expanded and actualized in "Afshari" and "Dashti.” In these two Avaz, by using the exchange of Ajnas (s. Jens) and pointing to the spaces before and after the "Salmak,” a modal behavior emerges, in which the fifth degree higher than the "Shur" is known as a "Moteghayyer".Through a combination of descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods, the present article explores and demonstrates the feasibility and method of obtaining new modal entities through modal fusions by studying two sample groups, including "Dad-o Bidad" and Dastgah-e Shur with its related modes in Radif of Abdullah Davami. The information for this paper has been gathered through the analysis of audio and written materials as well as the author's own practical experiences. This research shows that the fusion of modal spaces based on the initiative and knowledge of the performer is a distinct process from "modulation" in Iranian classical music. In "Modgardi" (modulation) or what is known as "Morakkab Navazi/Khani," the border between the modal entity of "A" and "B" is wholly defined according to the modal behavior they express (for example). But in the process of "modal fusion,” the same entities "A" and "B" create a space that, depending on the narrator's ability, will be musically equivalent to "AB,” "BA," or even "C.”