سنجش پایداری اجتماعی در محله‌های سنتی، مقایسه تطبیقی محلات سنگی، عاشوری و شکری شهر بوشهر مقالة

معضلات اجتماعی یکی از مسائل مهم بافت‌های سنتی شهرهای ایران است که می‌توان از آن به ‌عنوان ناپایداری اجتماعی یاد کرد. کم‌توجهی به این مسائل سبب شده است علی‌رغم اجرای برنامه‌ها و پروژه‌های مختلف، محلات سنتی همچنان از ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی با معضلاتی بسیار درگیر باشند. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر، پیمایشی مقطعی برای تحلیل پایداری اجتماعی در سه محله سنتی سنگی، عاشوری و شکری در شهر بوشهر را دنبال نموده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنین این محلات است که از میان آنها، 201 نفر (76 نفر به ازای هر محله) به عنوان نمونه به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. پس از پیمایش میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ها، داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد شده و با مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. مطابق یافته‌ها، 22 شاخص پایداری اجتماعی را می‌توان در 6 عامل «تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی»، «کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی»، «برابری و عدالت اجتماعی»، «رضایتمندی و امنیت اجتماعی»، «سلامت اجتماعی» و «تاب‌آوری کالبدی» دسته‌بندی نمود که در مجموع، بیش از 67 درصد از واریانس پایداری اجتماعی محلات را تبیین می‌کنند. مدل رگرسیونی نیز نشان می‌دهد عوامل «تعامل و سرمایه اجتماعی»، «تاب‌آوری کالبدی» و «کیفیت زندگی و اعتماد نهادی» به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر را بر رضایتمندی اهالی نسبت به محله دارند. از مقایسه وضعیت سه محله نیز چنین برمی‌آید که محله عاشوری بهترین وضعیت (305/1)، محله سنگی وضعیت متعادل (055/0-) و محله شکری نازل‌ترین وضعیت (25/1-) را به لحاظ پایداری اجتماعی داشته‌اند.

Introduction For more than three decades, the social component of sustainability has lagged behind the environmental and economic components. The study of social sustainability in Iran is important in several ways. Our traditional neighborhoods were once a safe environment with comfort for its inhabitants. Bushehr city has many actual and potential capacities in terms of social aspects. Among the most important social features of this city can be the special local language, special local clothes, warm and hospitable spirit of the people, special Bushehr music, sea ritual in Bushehr port, folk traditions of Muharram. In the past, the tradition of holding these ceremonies, helping and trusting each other and a sense of belonging among the people has been more prominent and social values are declining. Materials and Methods The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by receiving the opinion of a 5-member expert group and the reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for the first 30 questionnaires that were obtained more than 0.7. Then, with an error of 0.7, the sample size with Cochran's formula was equal to 196 people. In order to increase the accuracy of the study, 201 questionnaires were considered for the three neighborhoods of Sangi, Shekari and Ashuri. The share of each neighborhood was 67 questionnaires. The sampling method was purposeful sampling. Then, the data was entered into SPSS software and evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. Results and Discussion According to the findings, 22 indicators of social sustainability can be divided into 6 factors: "interaction and social capital", "quality of life and institutional trust", "equality and social justice", "satisfaction and social security", "social health" and "Physical resilience" categorized that in total, they explain more than 67% of the variance of neighborhood social sustainability. The regression model also shows that the factors of "interaction and social capital", "physical resilience" and "quality of life and final trust" have the greatest impact on residents' satisfaction with the neighborhood, respectively. The findings of this study are consistent with the research of Raj et al. (2018) and Hosseinpour (1399). Despite the emphasis of Larimian et al. (2020) and Abdullah Zadeh et al. (2017) on the high priority of the quality factor of urban design, the indicators related to this factor (the amount of walking and cycling, the level of satisfaction with public spaces) In the present study, they have been placed in the priorities of effectiveness for the third time and later. This issue can be due to burnout, disorder and lack of implementation projects in the target areas of the present study, which has caused factors such as resilience to have a greater priority in achieving social sustainability. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis on the target neighborhoods have shown that Ashuri neighborhood has the highest social sustainability and Shekari neighborhood is in low condition. Regarding Ashuri neighborhood, according to the indicators that are in the first factor (interaction and social capital), the reasons for the superiority of this neighborhood is that the residence time of the respondents is longer than other neighborhoods, which causes There has been an increase in the sense of belonging to the neighborhood and the interaction of people with each other. Due to the existence of several mosques in this neighborhood, people's participation in religious activities is very high, which has led to increased social interaction, trust in each other and a sense of belonging.